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Real-time object detection in AR/VR systems faces critical computational constraints, requiring sub-10\,ms latency within tight power budgets. Inspired by biological foveal vision, we propose a two-stage pipeline that combines…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Neeraj Solanki , Hong Ding , Sepehr Tabrizchi , Ali Shafiee Sarvestani , Shaahin Angizi , David Z. Pan , Arman Roohi

Eye movements provide a window into human behaviour, attention, and interaction dynamics. Challenges in real-world, multi-person environments have, however, restrained eye-tracking research predominantly to single-person, in-lab settings.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shreshth Saxena , Areez Visram , Neil Lobo , Zahid Mirza , Mehak Rafi Khan , Biranugan Pirabaharan , Alexander Nguyen , Lauren K. Fink

Medical eye-tracking data is an important information source for understanding how radiologists visually interpret medical images. This information not only improves the accuracy of deep learning models for X-ray analysis but also their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Trong Thang Pham , Tien-Phat Nguyen , Yuki Ikebe , Akash Awasthi , Zhigang Deng , Carol C. Wu , Hien Nguyen , Ngan Le

Retinal image-based eye tracking is widely used in ophthalmic imaging and vision science, and is a promising path to deliver higher gaze accuracy than the pupil- and cornea-based approaches commonly used in modern AR/VR devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bo Wen , Dillon Lohr , Yatong An , Pushkar Anand , Alexander Fix , Ruobing Qian , Catherine A. Fromm , Yimin Ding , Truong Nguyen , Mohamed El-Haddad , Francesco La Rocca

Eye tracking has become increasingly important in virtual and augmented reality applications; however, the current gaze accuracy falls short of meeting the requirements for spatial computing. We designed a gaze collection framework and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xiaoyin Yang

Reasoning is a key component of language understanding in Large Language Models. While Chain-of-Thought prompting enhances performance via explicit intermediate steps, it suffers from sufficient token overhead and a fixed reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xinyuan Wang , Dongjie Wang , Wangyang Ying , Haoyue Bai , Nanxu Gong , Sixun Dong , Kunpeng Liu , Yanjie Fu

Objective. Decoding visual attention from brain signals during naturalistic video viewing has emerged as a new direction in brain-computer interface research. Current methods assume that stronger coupling between object motion and neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Yuanyuan Yao , Celina Salamanca Gonzalez , Simon Geirnaert , Celine R. Gillebert , Tinne Tuytelaars , Alexander Bertrand

To address this gap, we conduct a Virtual Reality experiment in which pedestrians interact with automated shuttles under varying approach angles (45{\deg}, 90{\deg}, 135{\deg}) and continuous-traffic conditions (single shuttle, two shuttles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Danya Li , Yan Feng , Rico Krueger

This paper digs deeper into factors that influence egocentric gaze. Instead of training deep models for this purpose in a blind manner, we propose to inspect factors that contribute to gaze guidance during daily tasks. Bottom-up saliency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Hamed R. Tavakoli , Esa Rahtu , Juho Kannala , Ali Borji

This paper presents a low-cost eye-tracker aimed at carrying out tests based on a Visual Paired Comparison protocol for the early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. The proposed eye-tracking system is based on machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Danilo Greco , Francesco Masulli , Stefano Rovetta , Alberto Cabri , Davide Daffonchio

Although eye-tracking technology is being integrated into more VR and MR headsets, the true potential of eye tracking in enhancing user interactions within XR settings remains relatively untapped. Presently, one of the most prevalent gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Naveen Sendhilnathan , Ajoy S. Fernandes , Michael J. Proulx , Tanya R. Jonker

Appearance-based gaze estimation provides relatively unconstrained gaze tracking. However, subject-independent models achieve limited accuracy partly due to individual variations. To improve estimation, we propose a novel gaze decomposition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Zhaokang Chen , Bertram E. Shi

Non-invasive gaze estimation methods usually regress gaze directions directly from a single face or eye image. However, due to important variabilities in eye shapes and inner eye structures amongst individuals, universal models obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Gang Liu , Yu Yu , Kenneth A. Funes Mora , Jean-Marc Odobez

Gaze following requires both scene understanding and gaze reasoning to localize the gaze target of an in-scene person. Recently, vision foundation models (VFMs) have demonstrated strong performance on this task, enabling simpler…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shijing Wang , Yaping Huang , Chaoqun Cui , David Wong , Yihua Cheng , Alexandros Neophytou , Hyung Jin Chang

Traces are used to show whether a model complies with the intended behavior. A modeler can use trace checking to ensure the preservation of the model behavior during the refinement process. In this paper, we present a trace refinement…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Sebastian Stock , Atif Mashkoor , Michael Leuschel , Alexander Egyed

In this work, we introduce the first framework for Motion-aware Event Suppression, which learns to filter events triggered by IMOs and ego-motion in real time. Our model jointly segments IMOs in the current event stream while predicting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Roberto Pellerito , Nico Messikommer , Giovanni Cioffi , Marco Cannici , Davide Scaramuzza

For machines to effectively assist humans in challenging visual search tasks, they must differentiate whether a human is simply glancing into a scene (navigational intent) or searching for a target object (informational intent). Previous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mansi Sharma , Shuang Chen , Philipp Müller , Maurice Rekrut , Antonio Krüger

We present a novel computational model employing hierarchical active inference to simulate reading and eye movements. The model characterizes linguistic processing as inference over a hierarchical generative model, facilitating predictions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-11 Francesco Donnarumma , Mirco Frosolone , Giovanni Pezzulo

We introduce Ev-TTA, a simple, effective test-time adaptation algorithm for event-based object recognition. While event cameras are proposed to provide measurements of scenes with fast motions or drastic illumination changes, many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Junho Kim , Inwoo Hwang , Young Min Kim

Vision--language models (VLMs) process images as visual tokens, yet their intermediate reasoning is often carried out in text, which can be suboptimal for visually grounded radiology tasks. Radiologists instead diagnose via sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yiwei Li , Zihao Wu , Yanjun Lv , Hanqi Jiang , Weihang You , Zhengliang Liu , Dajiang Zhu , Xiang Li , Quanzheng Li , Tianming Liu , Lin Zhao