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The QMoE model provides a practical approach for compression of massive Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models. QMoE offers a solution geared towards memory limitations that often reach terabyte scales, and it has the advantage of working with…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jack Cashman , Jiaqi Nie

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enhance neural network scalability by dynamically selecting relevant experts per input token, enabling larger model sizes while maintaining manageable computation costs. However, efficient training of…

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures enable trillion-parameter LLMs with sparsely activated experts. Expert parallelism (EP) is a widely adopted MoE training strategy, but it suffers from severe all-to-all communication bottlenecks, which…

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures significantly enhance the capacity of LLMs without proportional increases in computation, but at the cost of a vast parameter size. Offloading MoE expert parameters to host memory and leveraging both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zeyu Zhu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Zitao Mo , Minnan Pei , Zhuoran Song , Xiaoyao Liang , Jian Cheng

Selective parameter activation provided by Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models have made them a popular choice in modern foundational models. However, MoEs face a fundamental tension when employed for serving. Batching, critical for performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Vima Gupta , Jae Hyung Ju , Kartik Sinha , Ada Gavrilovska , Anand Padmanabha Iyer

The deployment of mixture-of-experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their high memory demands. These challenges become even more pronounced in multi-tenant environments, where shared resources must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 HamidReza Imani , Jiaxin Peng , Peiman Mohseni , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

Generative models, such as GPT and BERT, have significantly improved performance in tasks like text generation and summarization. However, hallucinations "where models generate non-factual or misleading content" are especially problematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mingyan Liu

As machine learning models scale in size and complexity, their computational requirements become a significant barrier. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models alleviate this issue by selectively activating relevant experts. Despite this, MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jialong Li , Shreyansh Tripathi , Lakshay Rastogi , Yiming Lei , Rui Pan , Yiting Xia

The emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has transformed the scaling of large language models by enabling vast model capacity through sparse activation. Yet, converting these performance gains into practical edge deployment remains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tian Wu , Liming Wang , Zijian Wen , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen , Jingpu Duan , Xianwei Zhang , Jinhang Zuo

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to architectures with billions to trillions of parameters, posing significant deployment challenges due to their substantial demands on memory, processing power, and energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Matthew B. Blaschko , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) showcases tremendous potential to scale large language models (LLMs) with enhanced performance and reduced computational complexity. However, its sparsely activated architecture shifts feed-forward networks (FFNs)…

The recent success of specialized Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as mathematical reasoning and coding has led to growing interest in methods for merging these expert LLMs into a unified Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuhang Zhou , Giannis Karamanolakis , Victor Soto , Anna Rumshisky , Mayank Kulkarni , Furong Huang , Wei Ai , Jianhua Lu

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformers have made significant strides in recent years, the success of which is driven by scaling up their model size. Despite their high algorithmic performance, the computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ranggi Hwang , Jianyu Wei , Shijie Cao , Changho Hwang , Xiaohu Tang , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at vision-language tasks, but they suffer from high computational inefficiency. To reduce inference overhead, expert skipping methods have been proposed to deactivate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yushi Huang , Zining Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Yifu Ding , Ruihao Gong , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu , Jun Zhang

Mixture of Experts (MoE), with its distinctive sparse structure, enables the scaling of language models up to trillions of parameters without significantly increasing computational costs. However, the substantial parameter size presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiyuan Fang , Yuegui Huang , Zicong Hong , Yufeng Lyu , Wuhui Chen , Yue Yu , Fan Yu , Zibin Zheng

Achieving both accurate and consistent predictive performance across spatial nodes is crucial for ensuring the validity and reliability of outcomes in fair spatial-temporal forecasting tasks. However, existing training methods treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shaohan Yu , Pan Deng , Yu Zhao , Junting Liu , Zi'ang Wang

It is widely acknowledged that the performance of Transformer models is logarithmically related to their number of parameters and computational complexity. While approaches like Mixture of Experts (MoE) decouple parameter count from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Huang , Qiyang Min , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Ran Guo , Xun Zhou

To reduce the computational and memory overhead of Large Language Models, various approaches have been proposed. These include a) Mixture of Experts (MoEs), where token routing affects compute balance; b) gradual pruning of model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mohamed Wahib , Muhammed Abdullah Soyturk , Didem Unat

Large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently become the frontier open-weight models, achieving remarkable model capability similar to proprietary ones. But their random expert selection mechanism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhongkai Yu , Yue Guan , Zihao Yu , Chenyang Zhou , Zhengding Hu , Shuyi Pei , Yangwook Kang , Yufei Ding , Po-An Tsai