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Recent advances in reinforcement learning with verifiable, rule-based rewards have greatly enhanced the reasoning capabilities and out-of-distribution generalization of VLMs/LLMs, obviating the need for manually crafted reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shaohao Rui , Kaitao Chen , Weijie Ma , Xiaosong Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Building on the success of text-based reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1, extending these capabilities to multimodal reasoning holds great promise. While recent works have attempted to adapt DeepSeek-R1-style reinforcement learning (RL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jie Yang , Feipeng Ma , Zitian Wang , Dacheng Yin , Kang Rong , Fengyun Rao , Ruimao Zhang

With the increasing demand for step-wise, cross-modal, and knowledge-grounded reasoning, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are evolving beyond the traditional fixed retrieve-then-generate paradigm toward more sophisticated agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuying Ning , Dongqi Fu , Tianxin Wei , Mengting Ai , Jiaru Zou , Ting-Wei Li , Hanghang Tong , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He

In information retrieval, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in text reranking tasks by leveraging their sophisticated natural language understanding and advanced reasoning capabilities. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Guohao Sun , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced perception across text, vision, and audio, yet they often struggle with structured cross-modal reasoning, particularly when integrating audio and visual signals. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-20 Zhenghao Xing , Xiaowei Hu , Chi-Wing Fu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Pheng-Ann Heng

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and generation but are inherently limited by static pretraining data, resulting in factual inaccuracies and weak adaptability to new information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Yuxin Wang , Tingshuo Fan , Yuan Li , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated promising capabilities in multimodal coding tasks such as chart-to-code generation. However, existing methods primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zitian Tang , Xu Zhang , Jianbo Yuan , Yang Zou , Varad Gunjal , Songyao Jiang , Davide Modolo

In a real-world RAG system, the current query often involves spoken ellipses and ambiguous references from dialogue contexts, necessitating query rewriting to better describe user's information needs. However, traditional context-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yujing Wang , Hainan Zhang , Liang Pang , Binghui Guo , Hongwei Zheng , Zhiming Zheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination. However, dense retrievers often become the bottleneck of RAG systems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuan Li , Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Bufan Li , Qinyuan Cheng , Bo Wang , Yining Zheng , Yuxin Wang , Zhangyue Yin , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely heavily on the retrieval stage, particularly the coarse-ranking process. Existing coarse-ranking optimization approaches often struggle to balance domain-specific knowledge learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Lin , Peitong Xie , Jingxue Chen , Jie Lin , Qingkun Tang , Qianchun Lu

Reward modeling is essential for aligning large language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning. To provide accurate reward signals, a reward model (RM) should stimulate deep thinking and conduct interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xiusi Chen , Gaotang Li , Ziqi Wang , Bowen Jin , Cheng Qian , Yu Wang , Hongru Wang , Yu Zhang , Denghui Zhang , Tong Zhang , Hanghang Tong , Heng Ji

Text reranking models are a crucial component in modern systems like Retrieval-Augmented Generation, tasked with selecting the most relevant documents prior to generation. However, current Large Language Models (LLMs) powered rerankers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuzheng Cai , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Mingxin Li , Pengjun Xie , Weiguo Zheng

According to the Test-Time Scaling, the integration of External Slow-Thinking with the Verify mechanism has been demonstrated to enhance multi-round reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, in the multimodal (MM) domain, there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Linzhuang Sun , Hao Liang , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

This paper introduces MMRefine, a MultiModal Refinement benchmark designed to evaluate the error refinement capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). As the emphasis shifts toward enhancing reasoning during inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Gio Paik , Geewook Kim , Jinbae Im

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siyue Zhang , Yuan Gao , Xiao Zhou , Yilun Zhao , Tingyu Song , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Repository-level code completion aims to generate code for unfinished code snippets within the context of a specified repository. Existing approaches mainly rely on retrieval-augmented generation strategies due to limitations in input…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yanlin Wang , Yanli Wang , Daya Guo , Jiachi Chen , Ruikai Zhang , Yuchi Ma , Zibin Zheng

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in recommendation systems. However, the effective application of MLLMs to multimodal sequential recommendation remains unexplored: A)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Haoyu Wang , Yitong Wang , Jining Wang

The ability to understand and answer questions over documents can be useful in many business and practical applications. However, documents often contain lengthy and diverse multimodal contents such as texts, figures, and tables, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yew Ken Chia , Liying Cheng , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Maojia Song , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing

Multimodal Object-Entity Relation Extraction (MORE) is a challenging task in information extraction research. It aims to identify relations between visual objects and textual entities, requiring complex multimodal understanding and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiang Yuan , Xu Chu , Xinrong Chen , Haochen Li , Zonghong Dai , Hongcheng Fan , Xiaoyue Yuan , Weiping Li , Tong Mo