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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable video reasoning capabilities across diverse tasks. However, their ability to understand human intent at a fine-grained level in egocentric videos remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ye Pan , Chi Kit Wong , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Hanqian Li , Jiahao Huo , Jiacheng Chen , Lutao Jiang , Xu Zheng , Xuming Hu

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant trustworthiness and ethical concerns. Despite the widespread adoption of LLMs across domains, there is still no clear consensus on how to define and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 José Siqueira de Cerqueira , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong omni-modal perception, their ability to forecast future events from audio-visual cues remains largely unexplored, as existing benchmarks focus mainly on retrospective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qian Chen , Jinlan Fu , Changsong Li , See-Kiong Ng , Xipeng Qiu

Evaluating the nuanced human-centric video understanding capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a great challenge, as existing benchmarks often overlook the intricacies of emotion, behavior, and cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ting Zhou , Daoyuan Chen , Qirui Jiao , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as assistants that interact through text and images, making it crucial to evaluate contextual safety when risk depends on both the visual scene and the evolving dialogue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zheyuan Liu , Dongwhi Kim , Yixin Wan , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhaoxuan Tan , Fengran Mo , Meng Jiang

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) marks a significant step toward artificial general intelligence, offering great potential for augmenting human capabilities. However, their ability to provide effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hengjian Gao , Kaiwei Zhang , Shibo Wang , Mingjie Chen , Qihang Cao , Xianfeng Wang , Yucheng Zhu , Xiongkuo Min , Wei Sun , Dandan Zhu , Guangtao Zhai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex multimodal tasks. While MLLMs excel at visual perception and reasoning in third-person and egocentric videos, they are prone to hallucinations,…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in handling complex multimodal tasks and are increasingly adopted in video understanding applications. However, their rapid advancement raises serious data privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Qi Li , Runpeng Yu , Xinchao Wang

Spatial reasoning has emerged as a critical capability for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), drawing increasing attention and rapid advancement. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on single-step perception-to-judgment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Rui Zhu , Xin Shen , Shuchen Wu , Chenxi Miao , Xin Yu , Yang Li , Weikang Li , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) require continual learning to adapt to non-stationary real-world data. However, existing benchmarks fall short of evaluating modern foundation models: many still rely on models without large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Haiyang Guo , Yichen Shi , Fei Zhu , Wenzhuo Liu , Hongbo Zhao , Fanhu Zeng , Shijie Ma , Da-Han Wang , Xu-Yao Zhang

In recent years, AI-generated videos have become increasingly realistic and sophisticated. Meanwhile, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong potential for detecting such content. However, existing evaluation protocols…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yueying Zou , Pei Pei Li , Zekun Li , Xinyu Guo , Xing Cui , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced performance across benchmarks. However, data contamination-unintentional memorization of benchmark data during model training-poses critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dingjie Song , Sicheng Lai , Mingxuan Wang , Shunian Chen , Lichao Sun , Benyou Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent an advanced evolution of earlier, simpler language models. They boast enhanced abilities to handle complex language patterns and generate coherent text, images, audios, and videos. Furthermore, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Jun Huang , Jiawei Zhang , Qi Wang , Weihong Han , Yanchun Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

Uncertainty quantification is essential for assessing the reliability and trustworthiness of modern AI systems. Among existing approaches, verbalized uncertainty, where models express their confidence through natural language, has emerged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weihao Xuan , Qingcheng Zeng , Heli Qi , Junjue Wang , Naoto Yokoya

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently played a dominant role in multimodal vision-language learning. Despite the great success, it lacks a holistic evaluation of their efficacy. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Peng Xu , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Shuo Liu , Meng Lei , Fanqing Meng , Siyuan Huang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) combine visual and textual data for tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. Proper uncertainty calibration is crucial, yet challenging, for reliable use in areas like healthcare…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zijun Chen , Wenbo Hu , Guande He , Zhijie Deng , Zheng Zhang , Richang Hong

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed as educational tools, yet existing benchmarks focus on narrow skills and lack grounding in learning sciences. We introduce OpenLearnLM Benchmark, a theory-grounded framework evaluating LLMs…

Despite significant advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), understanding complex temporal dynamics in videos remains a major challenge. Our experiments show that current Video Large Language Model (Video-LLM) architectures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ali Rasekh , Erfan Bagheri Soula , Omid Daliran , Simon Gottschalk , Mohsen Fayyaz