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With the development of large language models (LLMs), social biases in these LLMs have become a pressing issue. Although there are various benchmarks for social biases across languages, the extent to which Japanese LLMs exhibit social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hitomi Yanaka , Namgi Han , Ryoma Kumon , Jie Lu , Masashi Takeshita , Ryo Sekizawa , Taisei Kato , Hiromi Arai

Generative large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit harmful biases and stereotypes. While safety fine-tuning typically takes place in English, if at all, these models are being used by speakers of many different languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

Social biases reflected in language are inherently shaped by cultural norms, which vary significantly across regions and lead to diverse manifestations of stereotypes. Existing evaluations of social bias in large language models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Taihei Shiotani , Masahiro Kaneko , Ayana Niwa , Yuki Maruyama , Daisuke Oba , Masanari Ohi , Naoaki Okazaki

This study introduces an innovative multilingual bias evaluation framework for assessing bias in Large Language Models, combining explicit bias assessment through the BBQ benchmark with implicit bias measurement using a prompt-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxuan Liang , Marwa Mahmoud

Current social bias benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily rely on predefined question formats like multiple-choice, limiting their ability to reflect the complexity and open-ended nature of real-world interactions. To close…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zhao Liu , Tian Xie , Xueru Zhang

In enhancing the fairness of Large Language Models (LLMs), evaluating social biases rooted in the cultural contexts of specific linguistic regions is essential. However, most existing Japanese benchmarks heavily rely on translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Taihei Shiotani , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Recent studies have separately highlighted significant biases within foundational large language models (LLMs) against certain nationalities and stigmatized social groups. This research investigates the ethical implications of these biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Afifah Kashif , Heer Patel

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive settings, raising concerns about fairness and biases, particularly across intersectional demographic attributes. In this paper, we systematically evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chaima Boufaied , Ronnie De Souza Santos , Ann Barcomb

Large Language Models increasingly suppress biased outputs when demographic identity is stated explicitly, yet may still exhibit implicit biases when identity is conveyed indirectly. Existing benchmarks use name based proxies to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Bhaskara Hanuma Vedula , Darshan Anghan , Ishita Goyal , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Abhijnan Chakraborty

Large Language Models have been shown to demonstrate stereotypical biases in their representations and behavior due to the discriminative nature of the data that they have been trained on. Despite significant progress in the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Mahammed Kamruzzaman , Arshia Gharooni , Gene Louis Kim , Vasanth Sarathy , Ninareh Mehrabi

Previous literature has largely shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) perpetuate social biases learnt from their pre-training data. Given the notable lack of resources for social bias evaluation in languages other than English, and for…

Measuring social bias in large language models (LLMs) is crucial, but existing bias evaluation methods struggle to assess bias in long-form generation. We propose a Bias Benchmark for Generation (BBG), an adaptation of the Bias Benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiho Jin , Woosung Kang , Junho Myung , Alice Oh

We introduce VoiceBBQ, a spoken extension of the BBQ (Bias Benchmark for Question Answering) - a dataset that measures social bias by presenting ambiguous or disambiguated contexts followed by questions that may elicit stereotypical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Junhyuk Choi , Ro-hoon Oh , Jihwan Seol , Bugeun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit social biases, prompting the development of various debiasing methods. However, debiasing methods may degrade the capabilities of LLMs. Previous research has evaluated the impact of bias mitigation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Taisei Yamamoto , Ryoma Kumon , Danushka Bollegala , Hitomi Yanaka

In recent years, Large Language Models have attracted growing interest for their significant potential, though concerns have rapidly emerged regarding unsafe behaviors stemming from inherent stereotypes and biases. Most research on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Akito Nakanishi , Yukie Sano , Geng Liu , Francesco Pierri

It is well documented that NLP models learn social biases, but little work has been done on how these biases manifest in model outputs for applied tasks like question answering (QA). We introduce the Bias Benchmark for QA (BBQ), a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Alicia Parrish , Angelica Chen , Nikita Nangia , Vishakh Padmakumar , Jason Phang , Jana Thompson , Phu Mon Htut , Samuel R. Bowman

Evaluating social biases in language models (LMs) is crucial for ensuring fairness and minimizing the reinforcement of harmful stereotypes in AI systems. Existing benchmarks, such as the Bias Benchmark for Question Answering (BBQ),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Aditya Tomar , Nihar Ranjan Sahoo , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Existing benchmarks evaluating biases in large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on explicit cues, declaring protected attributes like religion, race, gender by name. However, real-world interactions often contain implicit biases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Aarushi Wagh , Saniya Srivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit various biases and stereotypes in their generated content. While extensive research has investigated biases in LLMs, prior work has predominantly focused on explicit bias, with minimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yachao Zhao , Bo Wang , Yan Wang , Dongming Zhao , Ruifang He , Yuexian Hou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen widespread deployment in various real-world applications. Understanding these biases is crucial to comprehend the potential downstream consequences when using LLMs to make decisions, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Abel Salinas , Parth Vipul Shah , Yuzhong Huang , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter
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