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Rapid advancements in Autonomous Driving (AD) tasks turned a significant shift toward end-to-end fashion, particularly in the utilization of vision-language models (VLMs) that integrate robust logical reasoning and cognitive abilities to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yifan Bai , Dongming Wu , Yingfei Liu , Fan Jia , Weixin Mao , Ziheng Zhang , Yucheng Zhao , Jianbing Shen , Xing Wei , Tiancai Wang , Xiangyu Zhang

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

How should representations from complementary sensors be integrated for autonomous driving? Geometry-based sensor fusion has shown great promise for perception tasks such as object detection and motion forecasting. However, for the actual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Aditya Prakash , Kashyap Chitta , Andreas Geiger

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

End-to-end training of multi-agent systems offers significant advantages in improving multi-task performance. However, training such models remains challenging and requires extensive manual design and monitoring. In this work, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Zewei Zhou , Seth Z. Zhao , Tianhui Cai , Zhiyu Huang , Bolei Zhou , Jiaqi Ma

Camera localization is a fundamental and key component of autonomous driving vehicles and mobile robots to localize themselves globally for further environment perception, path planning and motion control. Recently end-to-end approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Mi Tian , Qiong Nie , Hao Shen

Topology optimization enables the design of highly efficient and complex structures, but conventional iterative methods, such as SIMP-based approaches, often suffer from high computational costs and sensitivity to initial conditions.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Aaron Lutheran , Srijan Das , Alireza Tabarraei

Token compression is essential for reducing the computational and memory requirements of transformer models, enabling their deployment in resource-constrained environments. In this work, we propose an efficient and hardware-compatible token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Junzhu Mao , Yang Shen , Jinyang Guo , Yazhou Yao , Xiansheng Hua

3D medical image registration is of great clinical importance. However, supervised learning methods require a large amount of accurately annotated corresponding control points (or morphing), which are very difficult to obtain. Unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Shengyu Zhao , Tingfung Lau , Ji Luo , Eric I-Chao Chang , Yan Xu

End-to-end learning from sensory data has shown promising results in autonomous driving. While employing many sensors enhances world perception and should lead to more robust and reliable behavior of autonomous vehicles, it is challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Shihong Fang , Anna Choromanska

Dense 3D convolutions provide high accuracy for perception but are too computationally expensive for real-time robotic systems. Existing tri-plane methods rely on 2D image features with interpolation, point-wise queries, and implicit MLPs,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Sibaek Lee , Jiung Yeon , Hyeonwoo Yu

Visual localization remains challenging in dynamic environments where fluctuating lighting, adverse weather, and moving objects disrupt appearance cues. Despite advances in feature representation, current absolute pose regression methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhongtao Tian , Wenhao Huang , Zhidong Chen , Xiao Wei Sun

Efficient image tokenization with high compression ratios remains a critical challenge for training generative models. We present SoftVQ-VAE, a continuous image tokenizer that leverages soft categorical posteriors to aggregate multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hao Chen , Ze Wang , Xiang Li , Ximeng Sun , Fangyi Chen , Jiang Liu , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Multi-sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles is becoming more common to offer a more robust alternative for several perception tasks. This need arises from the unique contribution of each sensor in collecting data: camera-radar fusion offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Ruan Bispo , Tim Brophy , Reenu Mohandas , Anthony Scanlan , Ciarán Eising

Cross-robot policy learning -- training a single policy to perform well across multiple embodiments -- remains a central challenge in robot learning. Transformer-based policies, such as vision-language-action (VLA) models, are typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kei Suzuki , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Chiori Hori , Matthew Brand , Diego Romeres , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures traditionally employ a grid-based approach to tokenization independent of the semantic content of an image. We propose a modular superpixel tokenization strategy which decouples tokenization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Marius Aasan , Odd Kolbjørnsen , Anne Schistad Solberg , Adín Ramirez Rivera

Autoregressive transformers have revolutionized high-fidelity image generation. One crucial ingredient lies in the tokenizer, which compresses high-resolution image patches into manageable discrete tokens with a scanning or hierarchical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Jinzhi Zhang , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu

Recent advances on Multi-modal Large Language Models have demonstrated that high-resolution image input is crucial for model capabilities, especially for fine-grained tasks. However, high-resolution images lead to a quadratic increase in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuke Zhu , Chi Xie , Shuang Liang , Bo Zheng , Sheng Guo

We present DrivoR, a simple and efficient transformer-based architecture for end-to-end autonomous driving. Our approach builds on pretrained Vision Transformers (ViTs) and introduces camera-aware register tokens that compress multi-camera…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated significant potential in complex scene understanding and action reasoning, leading to their increasing adoption in end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, the long visual tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jiajun Cao , Qizhe Zhang , Peidong Jia , Xuhui Zhao , Bo Lan , Xiaoan Zhang , Zhuo Li , Xiaobao Wei , Sixiang Chen , Liyun Li , Xianming Liu , Ming Lu , Yang Wang , Shanghang Zhang