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There has been considerable interest in using surprisal from Transformer-based language models (LMs) as predictors of human sentence processing difficulty. Recent work has observed an inverse scaling relationship between Transformers'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yi-Chien Lin , William Schuler

Recent learning-based approaches have made astonishing advances in calibrated medical imaging like computerized tomography (CT), yet they struggle to generalize in uncalibrated modalities -- notably magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Peirong Liu , Oula Puonti , Xiaoling Hu , Daniel C. Alexander , Juan E. Iglesias

In both the human brain and any general artificial intelligence (AI), a representation of the past is necessary to predict the future. However, perfect storage of all experiences is not feasible. One approach utilized in many applications,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Tyler A. Spears , Brandon G. Jacques , Marc W. Howard , Per B. Sederberg

Recent studies suggest that the representations learned by large language models (LLMs) are partially aligned to those of the human brain. However, whether and why this alignment score arises from a similar sequence of computations remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Joséphine Raugel , Stéphane d'Ascoli , Jérémy Rapin , Valentin Wyart , Jean-Rémi King

This work presents a novel means for understanding learning dynamics and scaling relations in neural networks. We show that certain measures on the spectrum of the empirical neural tangent kernel, specifically entropy and trace, yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Samuel Tovey , Sven Krippendorf , Michael Spannowsky , Konstantin Nikolaou , Christian Holm

It has recently been argued that AI models' representations are becoming aligned as their scale and performance increase. Empirical analyses have been designed to support this idea and conjecture the possible alignment of different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Francesco Insulla , Shuo Huang , Lorenzo Rosasco

Neural scaling laws have driven significant advancements in machine learning, particularly in domains like language modeling and computer vision. However, the exploration of neural scaling laws within robotics has remained relatively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sebastian Sartor , Neil Thompson

Brain imaging classification is commonly approached from two perspectives: modeling the full image volume to capture global anatomical context, or constructing ROI-based graphs to encode localized and topological interactions. Although both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Wei Liang , Lifang He

Human face images usually appear with wide range of visual scales. The existing face representations pursue the bandwidth of handling scale variation via multi-scale scheme that assembles a finite series of predefined scales. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Hailin Shi , Hang Du , Yibo Hu , Jun Wang , Dan Zeng , Ting Yao

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting-state fMRI plays a critical role in personalized predictions such as age and cognitive performance. However, applying foundation models(FM) to fMRI data remains challenging due to its high…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-26 Yanwen Wang , Xinglin Zhao , Yijin Song , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted from static, data-driven models to dynamic systems capable of perceiving and interacting with real-world environments. Despite advancements in pattern recognition and symbolic…

Residuals in regression models are often spatially correlated. Prominent examples include studies in environmental epidemiology to understand the chronic health effects of pollutants. I consider the effects of residual spatial structure on…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-05 Christopher J. Paciorek

Transformers deliver outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and are now a dominant backbone architecture for large language models (LLMs). Their task-solving performance is improved by increasing parameter size, as shown in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Ying Zhang , Jingun Kwon , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

Comparing the internal representations of neural networks is a central goal in both neuroscience and machine learning. Standard alignment metrics operate on raw neural activations, implicitly assuming that similar representations produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sunny Liu , Habon Issa , André Longon , Liv Gorton , Meenakshi Khosla , David Klindt

The brain processes visual inputs having structure over a large range of spatial scales. The precise mechanisms or algorithms used by the brain to achieve this feat are largely unknown and an open problem in visual neuroscience. In…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-04 Keith Hayton , Dimitrios Moirogiannis , Marcelo Magnasco

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance--particularly in generative models--an open question is whether these systems can replicate foundational models of human social perception. A well-established framework in social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Necdet Gurkan , Kimathi Njoki , Jordan W. Suchow

Structural covariance analysis is a widely used structural MRI analysis method which characterises the co-relations of morphology between brain regions over a group of subjects. To our knowledge, little has been investigated in terms of the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-01 Jona Carmon , Jil Heege , Joe H Necus , Thomas W Owen , Gordon Pipa , Marcus Kaiser , Peter N Taylor , Yujiang Wang

Artificial neural networks trained on visual tasks develop internal representations resembling those of the primate visual system, a discovery that has guided a decade of computational neuroscience. Research on building brain-aligned models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yash Mehta , Michael F. Bonner

The idea that information-processing systems operate near criticality to enhance computational performance is supported by scaling signatures in brain activity. However, external signals raise the question of whether this behavior is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Rubén Calvo , Carles Martorell , Adrián Roig , Miguel A. Muñoz

Neural surrogates enable orders-of-magnitude acceleration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, with the potential to transform engineering and healthcare workflows. Neural surrogate use in real-world applications requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Patryk Rygiel , Julian Suk , Kak Khee Yeung , Christoph Brune , Jelmer M. Wolterink