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Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been extensively investigated by monitoring real network traffic and analyzing suspicious activities. However, there are limitations in detecting specific types of attacks with NIDS, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Zhiyan Chen , Murat Simsek , Burak Kantarci , Mehran Bagheri , Petar Djukic

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their "low-and-slow" attack patterns and frequent use of zero-day exploits. We present UNICORN, an anomaly-based APT detector that effectively leverages data provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Adam Bates , James Mickens , Margo Seltzer

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) present a considerable challenge to cybersecurity due to their stealthy, long-duration nature. Traditional supervised learning methods typically require large amounts of labeled data, which is often scarce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

In the most intrusion detection systems (IDS), a system tries to learn characteristics of different type of attacks by analyzing packets that sent or received in network. These packets have a lot of features. But not all of them is required…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-05-13 Shafigh Parsazad , Ehsan Saboori , Amin Allahyar

Internet has played a vital role in this modern world, the possibilities and opportunities offered are limitless. Despite all the hype, Internet services are liable to intrusion attack that could tamper the confidentiality and integrity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-06-23 M. A. Faizal , M. Mohd Zaki , S. Shahrin , Y. Robiah , S. Siti Rahayu , B. Nazrulazhar

Past Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks on Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), such as the 2016 Ukrainian power grid attack and the 2017 Saudi petrochemical plant attack, have shown the disruptive effects of APT campaigns while new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ayush Kumar , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

In this paper, we present HOLMES, a system that implements a new approach to the detection of Advanced and Persistent Threats (APTs). HOLMES is inspired by several case studies of real-world APTs that highlight some common goals of APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Sadegh M. Milajerdi , Rigel Gjomemo , Birhanu Eshete , R. Sekar , V. N. Venkatakrishnan

Software updates reduce the opportunity for exploitation. However, since updates can also introduce breaking changes, enterprises face the problem of balancing the need to secure software with updates with the need to support operations. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Giorgio Di Tizio , Michele Armellini , Fabio Massacci

Network intrusions have become a significant threat in recent years as a result of the increased demand of computer networks for critical systems. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has been widely deployed as a defense measure for computer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-01 Ayman I. Madbouly , Amr M. Gody , Tamer M. Barakat

Advanced Persistent Threats or APTs are big challenges to the security of government organizations or industry systems. These threats may result in stealth attacks, but if the attack is confronted before the attacker end goal has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Rudra Prasad Baksi , Shambhu J. Upadhyaya

Advance Persistent Threats (APTs), adopted by most delicate attackers, are becoming increasing common and pose great threat to various enterprises and institutions. Data provenance analysis on provenance graphs has emerged as a common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Zian Jia , Yun Xiong , Yuhong Nan , Yao Zhang , Jinjing Zhao , Mi Wen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, long-term cyberattacks that are difficult to detect because they operate stealthily and often blend into normal system behavior. This paper presents a neuro-symbolic anomaly detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Asif Tauhid , Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Mohamad Altrabulsi , Ahamed Foisal , Talal Rahwan

In this paper, we introduce Attention Prompt Tuning (APT) - a computationally efficient variant of prompt tuning for video-based applications such as action recognition. Prompt tuning approaches involve injecting a set of learnable prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Vishal M. Patel

Network intrusion detection systems are an active area of research to identify threats that face computer networks. Network packets comprise of high dimensions which require huge effort to be examined effectively. As these dimensions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Nour Moustafa , Jill Slay

Machine learning based network intrusion detection systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that degrade classification performance under both gradient-based and distribution shift threat models. Existing defenses typically apply…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Oluseyi Olukola , Nick Rahimi

Most of the intrusion detection methods in computer networks are based on traffic flow characteristics. However, this approach may not fully exploit the potential of deep learning algorithms to directly extract features and patterns from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aleksander Ogonowski , Michał Żebrowski , Arkadiusz Ćwiek , Tobiasz Jarosiewicz , Konrad Klimaszewski , Adam Padee , Piotr Wasiuk , Michał Wójcik

Attack paths are the potential chain of malicious activities an attacker performs to compromise network assets and acquire privileges through exploiting network vulnerabilities. Attack path analysis helps organizations to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Houssem Jmal , Firas Ben Hmida , Nardine Basta , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Andy Walker

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) bring significant challenges to cybersecurity due to their sophisticated and stealthy nature. Traditional cybersecurity measures fail to defend against APTs. Cognitive vulnerabilities can significantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Shuo Huang , Fred Jones , Nikolos Gurney , David Pynadath , Kunal Srivastava , Stoney Trent , Peggy Wu , Quanyan Zhu

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of extensively used techniques in a network topology to safeguard the integrity and availability of sensitive assets in the protected systems. Although many supervised and unsupervised learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Shanqing Jiang , Mian Dai

As Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) complexity increases, provenance data is increasingly used for detection. Anomaly-based systems are gaining attention due to their attack-knowledge-agnostic nature and ability to counter zero-day…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jie Ying , Mengce Zheng , Jungan Chen , Ruoxi Chen , Zhongjie Zhua , Tiantian Zhu