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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), as a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)method, significantly enhances the training efficiency by updating only a small portion of the weights in Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) are computationally intensive. The computation workload and the memory footprint grow quadratically with the dimension (layer width). Most of LLMs' parameters come from the linear layers of the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Xiao-Yang Liu , Jie Zhang , Guoxuan Wang , Weiqing Tong , Anwar Walid

This paper introduces Standard Basis LoRA (SBoRA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models that builds upon the pioneering works of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Orthogonal Adaptation. SBoRA reduces the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Lai-Man Po , Yuyang Liu , Haoxuan Wu , Tianqi Zhang , Wing-Yin Yu , Zhuohan Wang , Zeyu Jiang , Kun Li

Memorization in large language models (LLMs) makes them vulnerable to data extraction attacks. While pre-training memorization has been extensively studied, fewer works have explored its impact in fine-tuning, particularly for LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Fei Wang , Baochun Li

We propose a simple approach for memory-efficient adaptation of pretrained language models. Our approach uses an iterative algorithm to decompose each pretrained matrix into a high-precision low-rank component and a memory-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Han Guo , Philip Greengard , Eric P. Xing , Yoon Kim

Efficient finetuning of large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt the LLMs with reduced computational and memory cost. Previous LoRA-based approaches initialize the low-rank matrices with Gaussian distribution and zero values while keeping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hanqing Wang , Yixia Li , Shuo Wang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) through Transformer structures have dominated many machine learning tasks, especially text processing. However, these models require massive amounts of data for training and induce high resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Kilian Pfeiffer , Mohamed Aboelenien Ahmed , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient fine-tuning method that has been extensively applied in areas such as natural language processing and computer vision. Existing LoRA fine-tuning approaches excel in static environments but struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Xin Zhang , Liang Bai , Xian Yang , Jiye Liang

In order to streamline the fine-tuning of foundation models, Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have been substantially adopted across various fields, including instruction tuning and domain adaptation. The underlying concept of LoRA involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mengyang Sun , Yihao Wang , Tao Feng , Dan Zhang , Yifan Zhu , Jie Tang

To mitigate the memory constraints associated with fine-tuning large pre-trained models, existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, rely on low-rank updates. However, such updates fail to fully capture the rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingze Ge , Xue Geng , Yun Liu , Wanqi Dong , Wang Zhe Mark , Min Wu , Ngai-Man Cheung , Bharadwaj Veeravalli , Xulei Yang

The "pretrain-then-finetune" paradigm is commonly adopted in the deployment of large language models. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method, is often employed to adapt a base model to a multitude of tasks,…

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, creating an increased need for efficient, task-specific fine-tuning methods. Traditional fine-tuning of LLMs involves updating a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ayush Singh , Rajdeep Aher , Shivank Garg

Continuous knowledge updating for pre-trained large language models (LLMs) is increasingly necessary yet remains challenging. Although inference-time methods like In-Context Learning (ICL) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Seungju Back , Dongwoo Lee , Naun Kang , Taehee Lee , S. K. Hong , Youngjune Gwon , Sungjin Ahn

Effectively adapting powerful pretrained foundation models to diverse tasks remains a key challenge in AI deployment. Current approaches primarily follow two paradigms:discrete optimization of text prompts through prompt engineering, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xiaoming Hou , Jiquan Zhang , Zibin Lin , DaCheng Tao , Shengli Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Resistive In-Memory Computing (RIMC) offers ultra-efficient computation for edge AI but faces accuracy degradation due to RRAM conductance drift over time. Traditional retraining methods are limited by RRAM's high energy consumption, write…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Weirong Dong , Kai Zhou , Zhen Kong , Quan Cheng , Junkai Huang , Zhengke Yang , Masanori Hashimoto , Longyang Lin

Although many efforts have been made, it is still a challenge to balance the training budget, downstream performance, and the general capabilities of the LLMs in many applications. Training the whole model for downstream tasks is expensive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Jiayi Han , Liang Du , Hongwei Du , Xiangguo Zhou , Yiwen Wu , Weibo Zheng , Donghong Han

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used finetuning method for large models. Its small memory footprint allows practitioners to adapt large models to specific tasks at a fraction of the cost of full finetuning. Different modifications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Soufiane Hayou , Nikhil Ghosh , Bin Yu