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We propose algorithms that, given the input string of length $n$ over integer alphabet of size $\sigma$, construct the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), the permuted longest-common-prefix (PLCP) array, and the LZ77 parsing in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa

Efficient methods for storing and querying are critical for scaling high-order n-gram language models to large corpora. We propose a language model based on compressed suffix trees, a representation that is highly compact and can be easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Ehsan Shareghi , Matthias Petri , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn

The compressed indexing problem is to preprocess a string $S$ of length $n$ into a compressed representation that supports pattern matching queries. That is, given a string $P$ of length $m$ report all occurrences of $P$ in $S$. We present…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Anders Roy Christiansen , Mikko Berggren Ettienne

Model compression is significant for the wide adoption of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in both user devices possessing limited resources and business clusters requiring quick responses to large-scale service requests. This work aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Wei Wen , Yuxiong He , Samyam Rajbhandari , Minjia Zhang , Wenhan Wang , Fang Liu , Bin Hu , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

The rapid growth of high-resolution scientific simulations and observation systems is generating massive spatiotemporal datasets, making efficient, error-bounded compression increasingly important. Meanwhile, decoder-only large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Guozhong Li , Muhannad Alhumaidi , Spiros Skiadopoulos , Panos Kalnis

Efficiently reranking documents retrieved from information retrieval (IR) pipelines to enhance overall quality of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system remains an important yet challenging problem. Recent studies have highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jingyu Wu , Aditya Shrivastava , Jing Zhu , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

In a dynamic retrieval system, documents must be ingested as they arrive, and be immediately findable by queries. Our purpose in this paper is to describe an index structure and processing regime that accommodates that requirement for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Alistair Moffat , Joel Mackenzie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been applied to reranking tasks in information retrieval, achieving strong performance. However, their high computational demands often hinder practical deployment. Existing studies evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhiyuan Peng , Ting-ruen Wei , Tingyu Song , Yilun Zhao

We introduce a new family of compressed data structures to efficiently store and query large string dictionaries in main memory. Our main technique is a combination of hierarchical Front-coding with ideas from longest-common-prefix…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Ana Cerdeira-Pena , Guillermo de Bernardo , Gonzalo Navarro

The well-known dictionary-based algorithms of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) 77 family are the basis of several universal lossless compression techniques. These algorithms are asymmetric regarding encoding/decoding time and memory requirements, with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-12-31 Artur Ferreira , Arlindo Oliveira , Mario Figueiredo

Reranking, the process of refining the output from a first-stage retriever, is often considered computationally expensive, especially when using Large Language Models (LLMs). A common approach to mitigate this cost involves utilizing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Recent years have witnessed the rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) and their expanding applications, leading to soaring demands for computational resources. The widespread adoption of test-time scaling further intensifies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Cheng Yuan , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

While the language modeling objective has been shown to be deeply connected with compression, it is surprising that modern LLMs are not employed in practical text compression systems. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Fazal Mittu , Yihuan Bu , Akshat Gupta , Ashok Devireddy , Alp Eren Ozdarendeli , Anant Singh , Gopala Anumanchipalli

In the last decades, the necessity to process massive amounts of textual data fueled the development of compressed text indexes: data structures efficiently answering queries on a given text while occupying space proportional to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Compressed indexing is a powerful technique that enables efficient querying over data stored in compressed form, significantly reducing memory usage and often accelerating computation. While extensive progress has been made for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Rajat De , Dominik Kempa

Dimension reduction is widely regarded as an effective way for decreasing the computation, storage and communication loads of data-driven intelligent systems, leading to a growing demand for statistical methods that allow analysis (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Guangcan Liu , Zhao Zhang , Qingshan Liu , Kongkai Xiong

Data compression is a powerful tool for managing massive but repetitive datasets, especially schemes such as grammar-based compression that support computation over the data without decompressing it. In the best case such a scheme takes a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Travis Gagie , Tomohiro I , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Hiroshi Sakamoto , Yoshimasa Takabatake

At the present scenario of the internet, there exist many optimization techniques to improve the Web speed but almost expensive in terms of bandwidth. So after a long investigation on different techniques to compress the data without any…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Hemant Kumar Saini , Satpal Singh Kushwaha , C. Rama Krishna

The suffix tree is a very important data structure in string processing, but it suffers from a huge space consumption. In large-scale applications, compressed suffix trees (CSTs) are therefore used instead. A CST consists of three…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-12-21 Simon Gog , Enno Ohlebusch