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Generated contents have raised serious concerns about copyright protection, image provenance, and credit attribution. A potential solution for these problems is watermarking. Recently, content watermarking for text-to-image diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yifan Zhu , Yihan Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao

With the increasing application value of machine learning, the intellectual property (IP) rights of deep neural networks (DNN) are getting more and more attention. With our analysis, most of the existing DNN watermarking methods can resist…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Tzu-Yun Chien , Chih-Ya Shen

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a vital diagnostic tool, but its inherently long acquisition times reduce clinical efficiency and patient comfort. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly diffusion models, have improved…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Zhang , Jinkui Hao , Bo Zhou

The rise of machine learning as a service and model sharing platforms has raised the need of traitor-tracing the models and proof of authorship. Watermarking technique is the main component of existing methods for protecting copyright of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Ziqi Yang , Hung Dang , Ee-Chien Chang

Graph-structured data is foundational to numerous web applications, and watermarking is crucial for protecting their intellectual property and ensuring data provenance. Existing watermarking methods primarily operate on graph structures or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jiasen Li , Yanwei Liu , Zhuoyi Shang , Xiaoyan Gu , Weiping Wang

The rapid proliferation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is driving a surge in model watermarking technologies, as the trained models themselves constitute valuable intellectual property. Existing watermarking approaches primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dongdong Lin , Yue Li , Benedetta Tondi , Kaiqing Lin , Bin Li , Mauro Barni

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

Generative AI raises many societal concerns such as boosting disinformation and propaganda campaigns. Watermarking AI-generated content is a key technology to address these concerns and has been widely deployed in industry. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

As Generative AI continues to become more accessible, the case for robust detection of generated images in order to combat misinformation is stronger than ever. Invisible watermarking methods act as identifiers of generated content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dongjun Hwang , Sungwon Woo , Tom Gao , Raymond Luo , Sunghwan Baek

Deepfake technology poses increasing risks such as privacy invasion and identity theft. To address these threats, we propose WaveGuard, a proactive watermarking framework that enhances robustness and imperceptibility via frequency-domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ziyuan He , Zhiqing Guo , Liejun Wang , Gaobo Yang , Yunfeng Diao , Dan Ma

With the explosive growth of internet technology, easy transfer of digital multimedia is feasible. However, this kind of convenience with which authorized users can access information, turns out to be a mixed blessing due to information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Saraju P. Mohanty

Watermarking (WM) is a critical mechanism for detecting and attributing AI-generated content. Current WM methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly tailored for autoregressive (AR) models: They rely on tokens being generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ofek Raban , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik

The advances in the Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) research offer extensive applications in diverse domains, but protecting their copyrights has not yet been researched in depth. Recently, NeRF watermarking has been considered one of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Youngdong Jang , Dong In Lee , MinHyuk Jang , Jong Wook Kim , Feng Yang , Sangpil Kim

Many learning tasks require us to deal with graph data which contains rich relational information among elements, leading increasing graph neural network (GNN) models to be deployed in industrial products for improving the quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiangyu Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Based on the powerful feature extraction ability of deep learning architecture, recently, deep-learning based watermarking algorithms have been widely studied. The basic framework of such algorithm is the auto-encoder like end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Zhaoyang Jia , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Due to costly efforts during data acquisition and model training, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) belong to the intellectual property of the model creator. Hence, unauthorized use, theft, or modification may lead to legal repercussions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Torsten Krauß , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Invisible watermarks safeguard images' copyrights by embedding hidden messages only detectable by owners. They also prevent people from misusing images, especially those generated by AI models. We propose a family of regeneration attacks to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xuandong Zhao , Kexun Zhang , Zihao Su , Saastha Vasan , Ilya Grishchenko , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

The generative priors of pre-trained latent diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated great potential to enhance the visual quality of image super-resolution (SR) results. However, the noise sampling process in DMs introduces randomness in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Lingchen Sun , Rongyuan Wu , Jie Liang , Zhengqiang Zhang , Hongwei Yong , Lei Zhang