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Fluctuations in parameters that are typically treated as fixed play a crucial role in the behavior of complex systems. However, to date, we lack a general non-equilibrium thermodynamic treatment of such a complex system. In this Letter, to…
Accurate noise modelling is important for training of deep learning reconstruction algorithms. While noise models are well known for traditional imaging techniques, the noise distribution of a novel sensor may be difficult to determine a…
The tendency of irreversible processes to generate entropy is the ultimate driving force for the evolution of nature. In engineering, entropy production is often used as a measure of usable energy losses. In this study we show that the…
The transient dynamics of a wake vortex, modelled as a strong swirling $q$-vortex, are investigated with a focus on optimal transient growth driven by continuous eigenmodes associated with continuous spectra. The pivotal contribution of…
Time-lapse microscopy imaging provides direct access to the dynamics of soft and living systems. At mesoscopic scales, such microscopy experiments reveal intrinsic fluctuations, which may have both thermal and non-equilibrium origins. These…
Recent experiments in various cell types have shown that two-dimensional tissues often display local nematic order, with evidence of extensile stresses manifest in the dynamics of topological defects. Using a mesoscopic model where tissue…
Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and myosin-dependent contraction can generate elastic stress and strain in living tissues, which may be dissipated by internal rearrangement through cell topological transition and cytoskeletal reorganization.…
We construct a theoretical model for the dynamics of a microscale colloidal particle, modeled as an interval, moving horizontally on a DNA-coated surface, modelled as a line coated with springs that can stick to the interval. Averaging over…
Non-equilibrium random fluctuations of non-thermal nature are a salient feature of active matter. In this work, we consider the collective excitations of active systems at high density, focusing on a one-dimensional chain of elastically…
A microscopic theory of superconductivity in the extended Hubbard model which takes into account the intersite Coulomb repulsion and electron-phonon interaction is developed in the limit of strong correlations. The Dyson equation for normal…
We study fluctuations of entropy production for a charged Brownian particle confined in a harmonic trap and driven out of equilibrium by crossed electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic field is constant and perpendicular to the plane of…
We investigate the stability of stratified fluid layers undergoing homogeneous and periodic tidal deformation. We first introduce a local model which allows to study velocity and buoyancy fluctuations in a Lagrangian domain periodically…
The asymptotic convergence of probability density function (pdf) and convergence of differential entropy are examined for the non-stationary processes that follow the maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt) and maximum entropy production…
Discs with a rotation profile depending on radius and height are subject to an axisymmetric linear instability, the vertical shear instability. Here we show that non-axisymmetric perturbations, while eventually stabilized, can sustain huge…
It has been supposed that the interplay of elasticity and activity plays a key role in triggering the non-equilibrium behaviors in biological systems. However, the experimental model system is missing to investigate the spatiotemporally…
We show that the principle of maximum entropy, a variational method appearing in statistical inference, statistical physics, and the analysis of stochastic dynamical systems, admits a geometric description from gauge theory. Using the…
The observed magnetic field on the solar surface is characterized by a very complex spatial and temporal behavior. Although feature-tracking algorithms have allowed us to deepen our understanding of this behavior, subjectivity plays an…
We develop a first-principles many-body framework to describe the dynamics of photocarriers and phonons in semiconductors following ultrafast excitation. Our approach incorporates explicit ab initio light-matter coupling and…
Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has become a cornerstone of neural network optimization due to its computational efficiency and generalization capabilities. However, the gradient noise introduced by SGD is often assumed to be uncorrelated…
We study a quantity called discrete layered entropy, which approximates the Shannon entropy within a logarithmic gap. Compared to the Shannon entropy, the discrete layered entropy is piecewise linear, approximates the expected length of the…