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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support question answering and decision-making in high-stakes, domain-specific settings such as natural hazard response and infrastructure planning, where effective answers must convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Homaira Huda Shomee , Rochana Chaturvedi , Yangxinyu Xie , Tanwi Mallick

Can LLM agents explore codebases and reason about code semantics without executing the code? We study this capability, which we call agentic code reasoning, and introduce semi-formal reasoning: a structured prompting methodology that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shubham Ugare , Satish Chandra

Autoformalization plays a crucial role in formal mathematical reasoning by enabling the automatic translation of natural language statements into formal languages. While recent advances using large language models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Code generation with large language models often relies on multi-stage human-in-the-loop refinement, which is effective but very costly - particularly in domains such as frontend web development where the solution quality depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hannah Sansford , Derek H. C. Law , Wei Liu , Abhishek Tripathi , Niresh Agarwal , Gerrit J. J. van den Burg

In this paper, we present a novel approach to improving software quality and efficiency through a Large Language Model (LLM)-based model designed to review code and identify potential issues. Our proposed LLM-based AI agent model is trained…

EXplainable machine learning (XML) has recently emerged to address the mystery mechanisms of machine learning (ML) systems by interpreting their 'black box' results. Despite the development of various explanation methods, determining the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bo Wang , Yiqiao Li , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as evaluators, offering a scalable alternative to human annotation. However, existing supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches often fall short in domains that demand complex reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nuo Chen , Zhiyuan Hu , Qingyun Zou , Jiaying Wu , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

Ensuring web accessibility at scale remains challenging because rule-based tools provide limited coverage while manual remediation is costly and error-prone. This paper evaluates large language model based agents, specifically Kimi K2.5,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Oluwatoyosi Oyelayo , Ghada Abushaqra , Parham Asadi , Durjoy Dey , Diego Elias Costa

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

Using language models to scalably approximate human preferences on text quality (LLM-as-a-judge) has become a standard practice applicable to many tasks. A judgment is often extracted from the judge's textual output alone, typically with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Victor Wang , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

Code repair is a fundamental task in software development, facilitating efficient bug resolution and software maintenance. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable potential in automated code repair, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dekun Dai , MingWei Liu , Anji Li , Jialun Cao , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

LLM-as-Judge frameworks are increasingly popular for AI evaluation, yet research findings on the relationship between models' generation and judgment abilities remain inconsistent. We investigate this relationship through systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Wei-Hsiang Lin , Sheng-Lun Wei , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

With the recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating functionally correct code has become less complicated for a wide array of developers. While using LLMs has sped up the functional development process, it poses a heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Peyman Najafirad

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used as reference-free evaluators via prompting, but this "LLM-as-a-Judge" paradigm is costly, opaque, and sensitive to prompt design. In this work, we investigate whether smaller models can serve as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhuochun Li , Yong Zhang , Ming Li , Yuelyu Ji , Yiming Zeng , Ning Cheng , Yun Zhu , Yanmeng Wang , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao , Daqing He

We propose a self-correction mechanism for Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate issues such as toxicity and fact hallucination. This method involves refining model outputs through an ensemble of critics and the model's own feedback.…

Large language models are revolutionizing several areas, including artificial creativity. However, the process of generation in machines profoundly diverges from that observed in humans. In particular, machine generation is characterized by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi