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Related papers: LLM-as-a-Judge for Reference-less Automatic Code V…

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Prompting large language models (LLMs) to evaluate generated text, known as LLM-as-a-judge, has become a standard evaluation approach in natural language generation (NLG), but is primarily used as a quantitative tool, i.e. with numerical…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been deployed to tackle various software engineering (SE) tasks like code generation, significantly advancing the automation of SE tasks. However, assessing the quality of these LLM-generated code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ruiqi Wang , Jiyu Guo , Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Xin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other automated techniques have been increasingly used to support software developers by generating software artifacts such as code snippets, patches, and comments. However, accurately assessing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , Ting Zhang , Martin Weyssow , Luis F. Gomes , Guang Yang , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , David Lo

Given recent advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), code generation tasks attract immense attention for wide application in different domains. In an effort to evaluate and select a best model to automatically remediate system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ngoc Phuoc An Vo , Brent Paulovicks , Vadim Sheinin

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) as chat assistants capable of generating human-like conversations has amplified the need for robust evaluation methods, particularly for open-ended tasks. Conventional metrics such as EM and F1,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sher Badshah , Hassan Sajjad

A Large Language Model (LLM) as judge evaluates the quality of victim Machine Learning (ML) models, specifically LLMs, by analyzing their outputs. An LLM as judge is the combination of one model and one specifically engineered judge prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tom Biskupski , Stephan Kleber

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in biomedical relation extraction, even in zero-shot scenarios. However, evaluating LLMs in this task remains challenging due to their ability to generate human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Israt Jahan , Elham Dolatabadi , Chun Peng , Enamul Hoque , Jimmy Huang

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to automate SE tasks such as code generation and summarization. However, evaluating the quality of LLM-generated software artifacts remains challenging. Human evaluation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Junda He , Jieke Shi , Terry Yue Zhuo , Christoph Treude , Jiamou Sun , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoning Du , David Lo

Evaluating large language model (LLM) outputs in the legal domain presents unique challenges due to the complex and nuanced nature of legal analysis. Current evaluation approaches either depend on reference data, which is costly to produce,…

LLMs-as-a-judge is a recently popularized method which replaces human judgements in task evaluation (Zheng et al. 2024) with automatic evaluation using LLMs. Due to widespread use of RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Bhuvanashree Murugadoss , Christian Poelitz , Ian Drosos , Vu Le , Nick McKenna , Carina Suzana Negreanu , Chris Parnin , Advait Sarkar

Accurate and consistent evaluation is crucial for decision-making across numerous fields, yet it remains a challenging task due to inherent subjectivity, variability, and scale. Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success…

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely adopted as an evaluation method and served as supervised rewards in model training. However, existing benchmarks for LLM-as-a-Judge are mainly relying on human-annotated ground truth, which introduces human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuanning Feng , Sinan Wang , Zhengxiang Cheng , Yao Wan , Dongping Chen

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering (SE) has revolutionized tasks like code generation, producing a massive volume of software artifacts. This surge has exposed a critical bottleneck: the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Junda He , Jieke Shi , Terry Yue Zhuo , Christoph Treude , Jiamou Sun , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoning Du , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly deployed in real-world software engineering, fostering the development of code evaluation metrics to study the quality of LLM-generated code. Conventional rule-based metrics merely score…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ruiqi Wang , Xinchen Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Chun Yong Chong , Xin Xia , Qing Liao

Large Language Models have been recently exploited as judges for complex natural language processing tasks, such as Q&A. The basic idea is to delegate to an LLM the assessment of the "quality" of the output provided by an automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Giuseppe Crupi , Rosalia Tufano , Alejandro Velasco , Antonio Mastropaolo , Denys Poshyvanyk , Gabriele Bavota

Extractive reading comprehension question answering (QA) datasets are typically evaluated using Exact Match (EM) and F1-score, but these metrics often fail to fully capture model performance. With the success of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Akiko Aizawa

Accurate evaluation is central to the large language model (LLM) ecosystem, guiding model selection and downstream adoption across diverse use cases. In practice, however, evaluating generative outputs typically relies on rigid lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Nicolas Boizard , Emmanuel Malherbe , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

As qualitative researchers show growing interest in using automated tools to support interpretive analysis, a large language model (LLM) is often introduced into an analytic workflow as is, without systematic evaluation of interpretive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Songhee Han , Jueun Shin , Jiyoon Han , Bung-Woo Jun , Hilal Ayan Karabatman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as automated judges, where practical value depends on both accuracy and trustworthy, risk-aware judgments. Existing approaches predominantly focus on accuracy, overlooking the necessity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zailong Tian , Zhuoheng Han , Yanzhe Chen , Haozhe Xu , Xi Yang , Richeng Xuan , Houfeng Wang , Lizi Liao
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