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Improved observational technologies have enabled the resolution of substructures and the measurement of chemical abundances in discs. Understanding the chemical composition of the inner disc allows us to infer the building blocks available…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Jingyi Mah , Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

Observations of the youngest planets ($\sim$1-10 Myr for a transitional disk) will increase the accuracy of our planet formation models. Unfortunately, observations of such planets are challenging and time-consuming to undertake even in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Jack Dobinson , Zoe M. Leinhardt , Stefan Lines , Philip J. Carter , Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson , Nick A. Teanby

Recent observations of gaps and non-axisymmetric features in the dust distributions of transition disks have been interpreted as evidence of embedded massive protoplanets. However, comparing the predictions of planet-disk interaction models…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Alexander J. W. Richert , Wladimir Lyra , Aaron Boley , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Neal Turner

We introduce Disk2Planet, a machine learning-based tool to infer key parameters in disk-planet systems from observed protoplanetary disk structures. Disk2Planet takes as input the disk structures in the form of two-dimensional density and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-27 Shunyuan Mao , Ruobing Dong , Kwang Moo Yi , Lu Lu , Sifan Wang , Paris Perdikaris

From the survival of dust disks for a few Myr to the establishment of chemical dichotomy, dust traps are expected to play a pivotal role in sculpting protoplanetary disks and the early planet formation process. These traps however may not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-27 Pinghui Huang , Fangyuan Yu , Eve J. Lee , Ruobing Dong , Xue-Ning Bai

Following the assumption that the disc substructures observed in protoplanetary discs originate from the interaction between the disc and the forming planets embedded therein, we aim to test if these putative planets could represent the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-13 Anastasia Tzouvanou , Bertram Bitsch , Gabriele Pichierri

Observations of protoplanetary disks provide information on planet formation and the reasons for the diversity of planetary systems. The key to understanding planet formation is the study of dust evolution from small grains to pebbles.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Riccardo Franceschi , Tilman Birnstiel , Thomas Henning , Anirudh Sharma

[Abridged] Aims: We provide predictions for ALMA observations of planet gaps that account for the specific spatial distribution of dust that results from consistent gas+dust dynamics. Methods: In a previous work, we ran full 3D, two-fluid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-28 J. -F. Gonzalez , C. Pinte , S. T. Maddison , F. Ménard , L. Fouchet

High-angular resolution observations at sub-millimeter/millimeter wavelengths of disks surrounding young stars have shown that their morphology is made of azimuthally-symmetric or point-symmetric substructures, in some cases with spiral…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Diana Blanco , Luca Ricci , Mario Flock , Neal Turner

High-resolution sub-mm observations of some protoplanetary discs reveal non-asixymmetric features, which can often be interpreted as dust concentrations in vortices that form at the edges of gaps carved out by the embedded planets. We use…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-06 Roman R. Rafikov , Nicolas P. Cimerman

Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in ALMA dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still hotly debated. In this paper, we identify dust substructures in 12 disks and measure their properties to…

The tidal perturbation of embedded protoplanets on their natal disks has been widely attributed to be the cause of gap-ring structures in sub-mm images of protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars. Numerical simulations of this process have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Yi-Xian Chen , Zhuoxiao Wang , Ya-Ping Li , Clément Baruteau , Douglas N. C. Lin

We present new determinations of disk surface density, independent of an assumed dust opacity, for a sample of 7 bright, diverse protoplanetary disks using measurements of disk dust lines. We develop a robust method for determining the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Diana Powell , Ruth Murray-Clay , Laura M. Pérez , Hilke E. Schlichting , Mickey Rosenthal

Multi-wavelength dust continuum observations of protoplanetary disks are essential for accurately measuring two key ingredients of planets formation theories: the dust mass and grain size. Unfortunately, they are also extremely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-24 Elena M. Viscardi , Enrique Macías , Francesco Zagaria , Anibal Sierra , Haochang Jiang , Tomohiro Yoshida , Pietro Curone

[Abridged] The study of disc kinematics has recently opened up as a promising method to detect unseen planets. However, a systematic, statistically meaningful analysis of such an approach remains missing. The aim of this work is to devise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-29 Andres F. Izquierdo , Leonardo Testi , Stefano Facchini , Giovanni P. Rosotti , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

Debris disks are the dust disks found around ~20% of nearby main sequence stars in far-IR surveys. They can be considered as descendants of protoplanetary disks or components of planetary systems, providing valuable information on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Mark C. Wyatt

When imaged at high-resolution, many proto-planetary discs show gaps and rings in their dust sub-mm continuum emission profile. These structures are widely considered to originate from local maxima in the gas pressure profile. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Giovanni P. Rosotti , Richard Teague , Cornelis Dullemond , Richard A. Booth , Cathie Clarke

High resolution ALMA observations revealed a variety of rich substructures in numerous protoplanetary disks. These structures consist of rings, gaps and asymmetric features. It is debated whether planets can be accounted for these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Peter J. Rodenkirch , Thomas Rometsch , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Philipp Weber , Wilhelm Kley

Super-thermal gas giant planets or their progenitor cores are known to open deep gaps in protoplanetary disks, which stop large, drifting dust particles on their way to the inner disk. The possible separation of the disk into distinct…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-10 Thomas Pfeil , Philip J. Armitage , Yan-Fei Jiang

We hypothesise that dust rings in protoplanetary discs formed by an embedded planet should have properties that reflect the planet's mass. We use 2D hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disc interactions to investigate this, focusing on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Amena Faruqi , Jessica Speedie , Ralph E. Pudritz , Farzana Meru