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Progressive diseases worsen over time and are characterised by monotonic change in features that track disease progression. Here we connect ideas from two formerly separate methodologies -- event-based and hidden Markov modelling -- to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Peter A. Wijeratne , Daniel C. Alexander

Rare diseases affect hundreds of millions worldwide, yet diagnosis often spans years. Convectional pipelines decouple noisy evidence extraction from downstream inferential diagnosis, and general/medical large language models (LLMs) face…

Medical natural language processing (NLP) systems are a key enabling technology for transforming Big Data from clinical report repositories to information used to support disease models and validate intervention methods. However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Ricky K. Taira , Anders O. Garlid , William Speier

Long-horizon language agents accumulate conversation history far faster than any fixed context window can hold, making memory management critical to both answer accuracy and serving cost. Existing approaches either expand the context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jingyi Peng , Zhongwei Wan , Weiting Liu , Qiuzhuang Sun

Clinical diagnosis requires sequential evidence acquisition under uncertainty. However, most Large Language Model (LLM) based diagnostic systems assume fully observed patient information and therefore do not explicitly model how clinical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xuyang Shen , Haoran Liu , Dongjin Song , Martin Renqiang Min

We introduce a natural language interface for building stochastic pi calculus models of biological systems. In this language, complex constructs describing biochemical events are built from basic primitives of association, dissociation and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Ozan Kahramanoğullari , Luca Cardelli , Emmanuelle Caron

Sequential recommender systems aim to predict a user's future interests by extracting temporal patterns from their behavioral history. Existing approaches typically employ transformer-based architectures to process long sequences of user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Adamya Shyam , Venkateswara Rao Kagita , Bharti Rana , Vikas Kumar

Large model training beyond tens of thousands of GPUs is an uncharted territory. At such scales, disruptions to the training process are not a matter of if, but a matter of when -- a stochastic process degrading training productivity.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alicia Golden , Michael Kuchnik , Samuel Hsia , Zachary DeVito , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

A new language model for speech recognition inspired by linguistic analysis is presented. The model develops hidden hierarchical structure incrementally and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history - thus enabling the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciprian Chelba , Frederick Jelinek

Foundation models in computational pathology promise to unlock the development of new clinical decision support systems and models for precision medicine. However, there is a mismatch between most clinical analysis, which is defined at the…

In many stochastic service systems, decision-makers find themselves making a sequence of decisions, with the number of decisions being unpredictable. To enhance these decisions, it is crucial to uncover the causal impact these decisions…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-18 Juan C. David Gomez , Amy L. Cochran , Gabriel Zayas-Caban

The event-based model (EBM) for data-driven disease progression modeling estimates the sequence in which biomarkers for a disease become abnormal. This helps in understanding the dynamics of disease progression and facilitates early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-22 Vikram Venkatraghavan , Esther Bron , Wiro Niessen , Stefan Klein

While queueing network models are powerful tools for analyzing service systems, they traditionally require substantial human effort and domain expertise to construct. To make this modeling approach more scalable and accessible, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Daksh Mittal , Shunri Zheng , Jing Dong , Hongseok Namkoong

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent agents that reason, plan, and interact with their environments. To effectively scale to long-horizon scenarios, a key capability for such agents is a memory mechanism…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuyang Hu , Jiongnan Liu , Jiejun Tan , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for clinical reasoning tasks, which inherently require eliciting calibrated probabilistic beliefs based on available evidence. However, real-world clinical data are frequently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuta Kobayashi , Vincent Jeanselme , Shalmali Joshi

In science, we are interested not only in forecasting but also in understanding how predictions are made, specifically what the interpretable underlying model looks like. Data-driven machine learning technology can significantly streamline…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Weiting Liu , Jiaxu Cui , Jiao Hu , En Wang , Bo Yang

I propose a paradigm for scientific progress in NLP centered around developing scalable, data-driven theories of linguistic structure. The idea is to collect data in tightly scoped, carefully defined ways which allow for exhaustive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Julian Michael

Pretraining on large, semantically rich datasets is key for developing language models. Surprisingly, recent studies have shown that even synthetic data, generated procedurally through simple semantic-free algorithms, can yield some of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zachary Shinnick , Liangze Jiang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Anton van den Hengel , Damien Teney

Software systems are complex, and behavioral comprehension with the increasing amount of AI components challenges traditional testing and maintenance strategies.The lack of tools and methodologies for behavioral software comprehension…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Hannes Thaller , Lukas Linsbauer , Rudolf Ramler , Alexander Egyed

Recent advances in transformer architectures have revolutionised natural language processing, but their application to healthcare domains presents unique challenges. Patient timelines are characterised by irregular sampling, variable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Linglong Qian , Zina Ibrahim