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Post-training Quantization (PTQ) technique has been extensively adopted for large language models (LLMs) compression owing to its efficiency and low resource requirement. However, current research lacks a in-depth analysis of the superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jiaqi Zhao , Ming Wang , Miao Zhang , Yuzhang Shang , Xuebo Liu , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance, but their high compute and memory costs make deployment difficult in resource-constrained scenarios. Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is appealing, as it reduces memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xianglong Yan , ChengZhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Shaoqiu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Samm Sun , Yulun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). While many studies focus on quantizing both weights and activations, it is still a challenge to maintain the accuracy of LLM after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Wenyuan Liu , Xindian Ma , Peng Zhang , Yan Wang

A natural and intuitive idea in model quantization is to approximate each component's quantized output to match its original. Motivated by this idea, most layer-wise post-training quantization (PTQ) methods focus on weight approximation at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Li Lin , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively researched and used in both academia and industry since the rise in popularity of the Transformer model, which demonstrates excellent performance in AI. However, the computational demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiedong Lang , Zhehao Guo , Shuyu Huang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective approach for deploying large language models (LLMs) under memory and latency constraints. Most existing PTQ methods determine quantization parameters by minimizing a layer-wise reconstruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yanlong Zhao , Xiaoyuan Cheng , Huihang Liu , Baihua He , Xinyu Zhang , Harrison Bo Hua Zhu , Wenlong Chen , Li Zeng , Zhuo Sun

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Model compression methods are used to reduce the computation and energy requirements for Large Language Models (LLMs). Quantization Aware Training (QAT), an effective model compression method, is proposed to reduce performance degradation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 He Li , Jianhang Hong , Yuanzhuo Wu , Snehal Adbol , Zonglin Li

The increasing scale of Transformer models has led to an increase in their pre-training computational requirements. While quantization has proven to be effective after pre-training and during fine-tuning, applying quantization in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Kamran Chitsaz , Quentin Fournier , Gonçalo Mordido , Sarath Chandar

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer bidirectional context and flexible masked-denoising generation, are emerging as a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. However, like AR LLMs, their model sizes continue to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Haotong Qin , Yong Guo , Yulun Zhang

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

As the size of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, model compression without sacrificing accuracy has become a crucial challenge for deployment. While some quantization methods, such as GPTQ, have made progress in achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liang Li , Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for compressing large models and accelerating inference without retraining. While PTQ has been extensively studied in large language models (LLMs), its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yufei Xue , Yushi Huang , Jiawei Shao , Lunjie Zhu , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li , Jun Zhang

Increasing the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) usually improves performance in downstream tasks but raises compute and memory costs, making deployment difficult in resource-limited settings. Quantization techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Renren Jin , Jiangcun Du , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown an impressive capability in code generation. The LLM effectiveness generally increases with its size: The higher the number of LLM's trainable parameters the better its ability to implement code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Alessandro Giagnorio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Saima Afrin , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

Post-training quantization is a key technique for reducing the memory and inference latency of large language models by quantizing weights and activations without requiring retraining. However, existing methods either (1) fail to account…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinuk Kim , Marwa El Halabi , Wonpyo Park , Clemens JS Schaefer , Deokjae Lee , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee , Hyun Oh Song