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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has proven effective in natural language tasks but remains underexplored in multimodal alignment. This study investigates its integration into 3D vision-language learning by embedding structured reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Xinghao Chen , Jian Wang , Xiaoyu Shen , Wenjie Li , Wei Zhang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in large language models (LLMs) can be formalized as a latent variable problem, where the model needs to generate intermediate reasoning steps. While prior approaches such as iterative reward-ranked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jiarui Yao , Yifan Hao , Hanning Zhang , Hanze Dong , Wei Xiong , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), powered by the chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm, have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities. Intuitively, different problems often require varying depths of reasoning. While some methods can determine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Zhichao Sheng , Shilin Zhou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to enhance the multi-step reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, debates persist about whether LLMs exhibit abstract generalization or rely on shallow heuristics when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Akshara Prabhakar , Thomas L. Griffiths , R. Thomas McCoy

This is the second in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lennart Meincke , Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick , Dan Shapiro

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been a widely adopted prompting method, eliciting impressive reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by the sequential thought structure of CoT, a number of Chain-of-X (CoX) methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Xu Liu , Mingyan Li , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Julian McAuley , Shuai Li

The integration of AI-assisted coding tools within development environments drastically reduces development time, and allows developers to focus more on creative and critical aspects of software engineering through the use of Code Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kishanthan Thangarajah , Arthur Leung , Boyuan Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

Multi-constraint planning involves identifying, evaluating, and refining candidate plans while satisfying multiple, potentially conflicting constraints. Existing large language model (LLM) approaches face fundamental limitations in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Quanyu Long , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen , Wenya Wang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has become the default strategy for enhancing LLM capabilities, yet its application raises a fundamental question: when is explicit reasoning actually beneficial? Empirical evidence reveals a striking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Wei Xia , Haoqing Wang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yehui Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a leap in artificial intelligence, excelling in tasks using human language(s). Although the main focus of general-purpose LLMs is not code generation, they have shown promising results in the domain.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Sanka Rasnayaka , Guanlin Wang , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capability in reasoning with natural language. Coupled with this development is the emergence of embodied AI in robotics. Despite showing promise for verbal and written reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Veronica Bot , Zheyuan Xu

This study investigates semantic uncertainty in large language model (LLM) outputs across different decoding methods, focusing on emerging techniques like speculative sampling and chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding. Through experiments on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Darius Foodeei , Simin Fan , Martin Jaggi

LLMs used for code generation are typically guided by engineering constraints--technology choices, dependency restrictions, and architectural patterns--expressed in verbose natural language. We investigate whether compact, structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hanzhang Tang

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in tasks involving audio perception and understanding, such as speech recognition and audio captioning. However, their reasoning capabilities - critical for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ziyang Ma , Zhuo Chen , Yuping Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Xie Chen

Generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) before deriving the answer can effectively improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and significantly improve the accuracy of the generated answer. However, in most cases, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yu Kang , Xianghui Sun , Liangyu Chen , Wei Zou

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for text classification across the social sciences, yet researchers overwhelmingly classify one text per variable per prompt. Coding 100,000 texts on four variables requires 400,000…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Christian Pipal , Eva-Maria Vogel , Morgan Wack , Frank Esser

With the rapid advancement of large reasoning models, long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has demonstrated strong performance on complex tasks. However, this often comes with a significant increase in token usage. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ruiqi Zhang , Changyi Xiao , Yixin Cao

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting combined with few-shot in-context learning (ICL) has unlocked significant reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, ICL with CoT examples is ineffective on novel tasks when the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vignesh Kothapalli , Ata Fatahibaarzi , Hamed Firooz , Maziar Sanjabi

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior capacities in solving complicated problems by generating long chain-of-thoughts (CoT), but such a lengthy CoT incurs high inference costs. Previous methods on inference-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minjia Mao , Bowen Yin , Yu Zhu , Xiao Fang

LLM-based Multi-Agent (LLM-MA) systems are increasingly applied to automate complex software engineering tasks such as requirements engineering, code generation, and testing. However, their operational efficiency and resource consumption…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Mohamad Salim , Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab