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Though safety alignment has been applied to most large language models (LLMs), LLM service providers generally deploy a subsequent moderation as the external safety guardrail in real-world products. Existing moderators mainly practice a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Yehan Yang , Xueyao Zhang , Juan Cao

Social media platforms utilize Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered recommendation algorithms to maximize user engagement, which can result in inadvertent exposure to harmful content. Current moderation efforts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rajvardhan Oak , Muhammad Haroon , Claire Jo , Magdalena Wojcieszak , Anshuman Chhabra

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on natural-language logical reasoning is essential because rule-governed tasks require conclusions to follow strictly from stated premises. Many existing logical-reasoning benchmarks are generated by…

Evaluating the alignment capabilities of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is essential for determining their effectiveness as helpful assistants. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on basic abilities using nonverbal methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yuhang Wu , Wenmeng Yu , Yean Cheng , Yan Wang , Xiaohan Zhang , Jiazheng Xu , Ming Ding , Yuxiao Dong

Evaluation frameworks for text summarization have evolved in terms of both domain coverage and metrics. However, existing benchmarks still lack domain-specific assessment criteria, remain predominantly English-centric, and face challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hyangsuk Min , Yuho Lee , Minjeong Ban , Jiaqi Deng , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Taewon Yun , Hang Su , Jason Cai , Hwanjun Song

The rapid advancement of Chinese LLMs underscores the need for vertical-domain evaluations to ensure reliable applications. However, existing benchmarks often lack domain coverage and provide limited insights into the Chinese working…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Mengze Hong , Wailing Ng , Chen Jason Zhang , Di Jiang

Research on harmful meme detection has garnered significant attention, resulting in the development of numerous datasets and methods. However, progress in detecting Chinese harmful memes lags considerably, primarily due to two challenges:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weiming Wang , Junyu Lu , Han Wang , Xiaokun Zhang , Zewen Bai , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are increasingly used for tasks where detecting multimodal harmful content is crucial, such as online content moderation. However, real-world harmful content is often camouflaged, relying on nuanced…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yanhui Li , Qi Zhou , Zhihong Xu , Huizhong Guo , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

Online marketplaces, while revolutionizing global commerce, have inadvertently facilitated the proliferation of illicit activities, including drug trafficking, counterfeit sales, and cybercrimes. Traditional content moderation methods such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Quoc Khoa Tran , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson

Data filtering strategies are a crucial component to develop safe Large Language Models (LLM), since they support the removal of harmful contents from pretraining datasets. There is a lack of research on the actual impact of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Marco Antonio Stranisci , Christian Hardmeier

Large language models (LLMs), including both proprietary and open-source models, have showcased remarkable capabilities in addressing a wide range of downstream tasks. Nonetheless, when it comes to practical Chinese legal tasks, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhi Zhou , Jiang-Xin Shi , Peng-Xiao Song , Xiao-Wen Yang , Yi-Xuan Jin , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) to fact-check misinformation remains uncertain, despite their growing use. To this end, we present CANDY, a benchmark designed to systematically evaluate the capabilities and limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ruiling Guo , Xinwei Yang , Chen Huang , Tong Zhang , Yong Hu

The rapid development of Chinese large language models (LLMs) poses big challenges for efficient LLM evaluation. While current initiatives have introduced new benchmarks or evaluation platforms for assessing Chinese LLMs, many of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chuang Liu , Linhao Yu , Jiaxuan Li , Renren Jin , Yufei Huang , Ling Shi , Junhui Zhang , Xinmeng Ji , Tingting Cui , Tao Liu , Jinwang Song , Hongying Zan , Sun Li , Deyi Xiong

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

With the continuous emergence of Chinese Large Language Models (LLMs), how to evaluate a model's capabilities has become an increasingly significant issue. The absence of a comprehensive Chinese benchmark that thoroughly assesses a model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yanyang Li , Jianqiao Zhao , Duo Zheng , Zi-Yuan Hu , Zhi Chen , Xiaohui Su , Yongfeng Huang , Shijia Huang , Dahua Lin , Michael R. Lyu , Liwei Wang

The opacity in developing large language models (LLMs) is raising growing concerns about the potential contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. Existing contamination detection methods are typically based on the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Feng Yao , Yufan Zhuang , Zihao Sun , Sunan Xu , Animesh Kumar , Jingbo Shang

Holistically measuring societal biases of large language models is crucial for detecting and reducing ethical risks in highly capable AI models. In this work, we present a Chinese Bias Benchmark dataset that consists of over 100K questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Yufei Huang , Deyi Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in the financial domain. Thus, it becomes important to assess the performance of LLMs in the financial tasks. In this work, we introduce CFBenchmark, to evaluate the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yang Lei , Jiangtong Li , Dawei Cheng , Zhijun Ding , Changjun Jiang

ChatGPT and other general large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, but they have also raised concerns about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Existing AI-generated text detection models, such as based on BERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Rongsheng Wang , Haoming Chen , Ruizhe Zhou , Han Ma , Yaofei Duan , Yanlan Kang , Songhua Yang , Baoyu Fan , Tao Tan

Static benchmarks for harmful content detection face limitations in scalability and diversity, and may also be affected by contamination from web-scale pre-training corpora. To address these issues, we propose a framework for synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Huije Lee , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Changgeon Ko , Jong C. Park