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Divergence functions are measures of distance or dissimilarity between probability distributions that serve various purposes in statistics and applications. We propose decompositions of Wasserstein and Cram\'er distances$-$which compare two…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-08 Johannes Resin , Daniel Wolffram , Johannes Bracher , Timo Dimitriadis

This paper presents a distance-based discriminative framework for learning with probability distributions. Instead of using kernel mean embeddings or generalized radial basis kernels, we introduce embeddings based on dissimilarity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Abraham Traoré , Maxime Berar , Rémi Flamary , Nicolas Courty

Collections of probability distributions arise in a variety of applications ranging from user activity pattern analysis to brain connectomics. In practice these distributions can be defined over diverse domain types including finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Raif Rustamov , Subhabrata Majumdar

Optimal transport distances, otherwise known as Wasserstein distances, have recently drawn ample attention in computer vision and machine learning as a powerful discrepancy measure for probability distributions. The recent developments on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-11 Soheil Kolouri , Yang Zou , Gustavo K. Rohde

In this paper we propose tight upper and lower bounds for the Wasserstein distance between any two {{univariate continuous distributions}} with probability densities $p_1$ and $p_2$ having nested supports. These explicit bounds are…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-21 Christophe Ley , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

Estimating the density of a distribution from samples is a fundamental problem in statistics. In many practical settings, the Wasserstein distance is an appropriate error metric for density estimation. For example, when estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Vitaly Feldman , Audra McMillan , Satchit Sivakumar , Kunal Talwar

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a fundamental equation of information theory that quantifies the proximity of two probability distributions. Although difficult to understand by examining the equation, an intuition and understanding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Jonathon Shlens

In this paper, we study the problem of sampling from a distribution under the constraint of differential privacy (DP). Prior works measure the utility of DP sampling with density ratio-based measures such as KL divergence. However, such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Shokichi Takakura , Seng Pei Liew , Satoshi Hasegawa

Properties of random mixed states of order $N$ distributed uniformly with respect to the Hilbert-Schmidt measure are investigated. We show that for large $N$, due to the concentration of measure, the trace distance between two random states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-15 Zbigniew Puchała , Łukasz Pawela , Karol Życzkowski

We seek an analog for the quantum permutation group $S_n^+$ of the normalized Hamming distance for permutations. We define three distances on the tracial state space of $C(S_n^+)$ that generalize the $L^1$-Wasserstein distance of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Anshu , David Jekel , Therese Basa Landry

We study quantum algorithms working on classical probability distributions. We formulate four different models for accessing a classical probability distribution on a quantum computer, which are derived from previous work on the topic, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-05 Aleksandrs Belovs

We propose a methodology for intercomparing climate models and evaluating their performance against benchmarks based on the use of the Wasserstein distance (WD). This distance provides a rigorous way to measure quantitatively the difference…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Gabriele Vissio , Valerio Lembo , Valerio Lucarini , Michael Ghil

We use a one-dimensional model system to compare the predictions of two different 'yardsticks' to compute the position of a particle from its quantum field theoretical state. Based on the first yardstick (defined by the Newton-Wigner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 R. E. Wagner , M. R. Ware , E. V. Stefanovich , Q. Su , R. Grobe

We set up a general theory for a quantum Wasserstein distance of order 1 in an operator algebraic framework, extending recent work in finite dimensions. In addition, this theory applies not only to states, but also to channels, giving a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Rocco Duvenhage , Mathumo Mapaya

The complex projective space $\mathbb{P}(\mathbb{C}^n)$ can be interpreted as the space of all quantum pure states of size $n$. A distance on this space, interesting from the perspective of quantum physics, can be induced from a classical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Rafał Bistroń , Michał Eckstein , Shmuel Friedland , Tomasz Miller , Karol Życzkowski

Let $\mu_N$ be the empirical measure associated to a $N$-sample of a given probability distribution $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$. We are interested in the rate of convergence of $\mu_N$ to $\mu$, when measured in the Wasserstein distance of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Nicolas Fournier , Arnaud Guillin

We develop a kernel projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, an essential building block in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. This method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Topological Data Analysis methods can be useful for classification and clustering tasks in many different fields as they can provide two dimensional persistence diagrams that summarize important information about the shape of potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Bernardo Ameneyro , Rebekah Herrman , George Siopsis , Vasileios Maroulas

The Wasserstein distance is a distance between two probability distributions and has recently gained increasing popularity in statistics and machine learning, owing to its attractive properties. One important approach to extending this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-14 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

We study a class of one-dimensional particle systems with true (Bird type) binary interactions, which includes Kac's model of the Boltzmann equation and nonlinear equations for the evolution of wealth distribution arising in kinetic…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-05 Roberto Cortez , Joaquin Fontbona