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The 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation from the Dark Ages ($z \simeq 30-100$) will allow us to probe the inflationary epoch on very small scales ($>0.1 \, \mbox{Mpc}^{-1}$), inaccessible to cosmic microwave background experiments.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-28 Giorgio Orlando , Thomas Flöss , P. Daniel Meerburg , Joseph Silk

In this paper, we propose a three-stage unified channel estimation strategy for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems with the existence of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Taihao Zhang , Zhendong Peng , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Jiangzhou Wang

Inferring astrophysical parameters from radio interferometric observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a challenging yet crucial task. The 21-cm signal from EoR is expected to be highly…

In reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems, the large-scale RIS introduces pronounced geometric effects that lead to the coexistence of far-field and near-field propagation.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Xiaokun Tuo , Ming-Min Zhao , Xiang Wang , Changsheng You , Min-Jian Zhao

Foreground removal is the most important step in detecting the large-scale redshifted HI 21-cm signal. Modelling foreground spectra is challenging and is further complicated by the chromatic response of the telescope. We present a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Visweshwar Ram Marthi , Suman Chatterjee , Jayaram Chengalur , Somnath Bharadwaj

New low frequency radio telescopes currently being built open up the possibility of observing the 21-cm radiation before the Epoch of Reionization in the future, in particular at redshifts 200 > z > 30, also known as the dark ages. At these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-03 Rishi Khatri , Benjamin D. Wandelt

We present a Bayesian angular power spectrum and signal map inference engine which can be adapted to interferometric observations of anisotropies inthe cosmic microwave background, 21 cm emission line mapping of galactic brightness…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 P. M. Sutter , Benjamin D. Wandelt , Siddharth Malu

We present the improved visibility based Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the power spectrum of the diffuse sky signal. The visibilities are gridded to reduce the computation, and tapered through a convolution to suppress the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-25 Samir Choudhuri , Somnath Bharadwaj , Suman Chatterjee , Sk. Saiyad Ali , Nirupam Roy , Abhik Ghosh

The redshifted cosmological 21 cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen during the first billion years of the universe is much fainter relative to other galactic and extragalactic radio emissions, posing a great challenge towards detection of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-26 J. Kariuki Chege , C. H. Jordan , C. Lynch , C. M. Trott , J. L. B. Line , B. Pindor , S. Yoshiura

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs) are a promising technology for enhancing the spectral and energy efficiency of millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In these systems, accurate channel estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Mehrdad Momen-Tayefeh , Mehrshad Momen-Tayefeh , Maryam Sabbaghian

In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for the initial access (a.k.a. Base Station (BS) discovery) in a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication system and propose an effective strategy for transmitting the Reference Signals (RSs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Chunshan Liu , Min Li , Iain B. Collings , Stephen V. Hanly , Philip Whiting

Redshifted 21cm signal is a promising tool to investigate the state of intergalactic medium (IGM) in the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization(EoR). In our previous work (Shimabukuro et al 2015), we studied the variance and skewness to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-08 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) is one of the most promising technologies for the fifth generation and beyond wireless communication system. However, a large number of antennas incur high power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Ruizhe Wang , Hong Ren , Cunhua Pan , Jun Fang , Mianxiong Dong , Octavia A. Dobre

In this work, the uplink channel estimation problem is considered for a millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. It is well known that pilot overhead and computation complexity in estimating the channel increases…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Rakesh Mundlamuri , Rajeev Gangula , Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Florian Kaltenberger , Walid Saad

A detection of the 21 cm signal can provide a unique window of opportunity for uncovering complex astrophysical phenomena at the epoch of reionization and placing constraints on cosmology at high redshifts, which are usually elusive to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Danial Baradaran , Boryana Hadzhiyska , Martin J. White , Noah Sailer

Channel estimation is challenging for the reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS) assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. Since the number of coefficients of the cascaded channels in such systems is closely dependent on the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Yushan Liu , Shun Zhang , Feifei Gao , Jie Tang , Octavia A. Dobre

In this letter, we study the beamforming design for channel estimation of multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS)-aided multi-user communications that supports simultaneous signal reflection, refraction, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Zaihao Pan , Wen Wang , Gaofeng Nie , Ailing Zheng , Wanli Ni

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is envisioned to be a promising green technology to reduce the energy consumption and improve the coverage and spectral efficiency of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless networks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zhen-Qing He , Hang Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang , Ying-Chang Liang

In this paper, we develop a low-complexity channel estimation for hybrid millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, where the number of radio frequency (RF) chains is much less than the number of antennas equipped at each transceiver. The proposed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Lou Zhao , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Jinhong Yuan