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In recent times, the focus on text-to-audio (TTA) generation has intensified, as researchers strive to synthesize audio from textual descriptions. However, most existing methods, though leveraging latent diffusion models to learn the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shentong Mo , Jing Shi , Yapeng Tian

Self-supervised visual foundation models produce powerful embeddings that achieve remarkable performance on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, unlike vision-language models such as CLIP, self-supervised visual features are not…

Multimodal large language models have fueled progress in image captioning. These models, fine-tuned on vast image datasets, exhibit a deep understanding of semantic concepts. In this work, we show that this ability can be re-purposed for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Hugo Malard , Michel Olvera , Stéphane Lathuiliere , Slim Essid

We introduce SeeingSounds, a lightweight and modular framework for audio-to-image generation that leverages the interplay between audio, language, and vision-without requiring any paired audio-visual data or training on visual generative…

The joint understanding of vision and language has been recently gaining a lot of attention in both the Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities, with the emergence of tasks such as image captioning, image-text matching,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Matteo Stefanini , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

The crux of learning vision-language models is to extract semantically aligned information from visual and linguistic data. Existing attempts usually face the problem of coarse alignment, e.g., the vision encoder struggles in localizing an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Qinying Liu , Wei Wu , Kecheng Zheng , Zhan Tong , Jiawei Liu , Yu Liu , Wei Chen , Zilei Wang , Yujun Shen

Pre-training visual and textual representations from large-scale image-text pairs is becoming a standard approach for many downstream vision-language tasks. The transformer-based models learn inter and intra-modal attention through a list…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Mohammad Abuzar Hashemi , Zhanghexuan Li , Mihir Chauhan , Yan Shen , Abhishek Satbhai , Mir Basheer Ali , Mingchen Gao , Sargur Srihari

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success by integrating visual encoders with large language models (LLMs). While VLMs process dense image tokens across deep transformer stacks (incurring substantial computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sambit Ghosh , R. Venkatesh Babu , Chirag Agarwal

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet they still struggle with basic spatial reasoning. Despite strong performance on general benchmarks, modern VLMs remain brittle at understanding 2D spatial relationships such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A. , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Despite interpretability work analyzing VIT encoders and transformer activations, we don't yet understand why Multimodal Language Models (MLMs) struggle on perception-heavy tasks. We offer an under-studied perspective by examining how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Benlin Liu , Amita Kamath , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Winson Han , Ranjay Krishna

With the introduction of transformer-based models for vision and language tasks, such as LLaVA and Chameleon, there has been renewed interest in the discrete tokenized representation of images. These models often treat image patches as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 David M. Chan , Rodolfo Corona , Joonyong Park , Cheol Jun Cho , Yutong Bai , Trevor Darrell

Systems that can find correspondences between multiple modalities, such as between speech and images, have great potential to solve different recognition and data analysis tasks in an unsupervised manner. This work studies multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Khazar Khorrami , Okko Räsänen

In recent research, slight performance improvement is observed from automatic speech recognition systems to audio-visual speech recognition systems in the end-to-end framework with low-quality videos. Unmatching convergence rates and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yusheng Dai , Hang Chen , Jun Du , Xiaofei Ding , Ning Ding , Feijun Jiang , Chin-Hui Lee

Image-to-image relighting requires representations that disentangle scene properties from illumination. Recent methods rely on latent intrinsic representations but remain under-constrained and often fail on challenging materials such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiaoyan Xing , Xiao Zhang , Sezer Karaoglu , Theo Gevers , Anand Bhattad

Aligning signals from different modalities is an important step in vision-language representation learning as it affects the performance of later stages such as cross-modality fusion. Since image and text typically reside in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jiali Duan , Liqun Chen , Son Tran , Jinyu Yang , Yi Xu , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

Aligning image and text encoders from scratch using contrastive learning requires large amounts of paired image-text data. We alleviate this need by aligning individually pre-trained language and vision representation models using a much…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Tejas Srinivasan , Xiang Ren , Jesse Thomason

Despite the evolution of deep-learning-based visual-textual processing systems, precise multi-modal matching remains a challenging task. In this work, we tackle the task of cross-modal retrieval through image-sentence matching based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Nicola Messina , Giuseppe Amato , Andrea Esuli , Fabrizio Falchi , Claudio Gennaro , Stéphane Marchand-Maillet

Recent research has shown that CLIP models struggle with visual reasoning tasks that require grounding compositionality, understanding spatial relationships, or capturing fine-grained details. One natural hypothesis is that the CLIP vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siting Li , Pang Wei Koh , Simon Shaolei Du

In recent years, vision and language pre-training (VLP) models have advanced the state-of-the-art results in a variety of cross-modal downstream tasks. Aligning cross-modal semantics is claimed to be one of the essential capabilities of VLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Zheng Ma , Shi Zong , Mianzhi Pan , Jianbing Zhang , Shujian Huang , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen