Related papers: Runaway electron-induced plasma facing component d…
Runaway electrons (REs) are a concern for tokamak fusion reactors from discharge startup to termination. A sudden localized loss of a multi-megaampere RE beam can inflict severe damage to the first wall. Should a disruption occur, the…
With plasma currents up to 8.7 MA, the SPARC tokamak runs the risk of forming multi-MA beams of relativistic "runaway" electrons (REs) which could damage plasma facing components if unmitigated. The infrared (IR) and visible imaging and…
An international experiment, ITER is proposed as the next essential and critical step on the path to demonstrating the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy. ITER would give unique opportunities to explore, in reactor…
Synchrotron radiation observed from runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks depends upon the position and size of the RE beam, the RE energy and pitch distributions, as well as the location of the observer. We show that experimental synchrotron…
Resonant interactions between high energy runaway electrons (REs) and whistler waves are a promising mechanism for RE mitigation in tokamak plasmas. While prior studies have largely relied on quasi-linear diffusion models in simplified…
Fusion energy will be the ultimate clean energy source for mankind. One of the most visible concerns of the future fusion device is the threat of deleterious runaway electrons (REs) produced during unexpected disruptions of the fusion…
Relativistic runaway electrons are a major concern in tokamaks. The European framework for Integrated Modelling (EU-IM), facilitates the integration of different plasma simulation tools by providing a standard data structure for…
Based on the analysis of data from the numerous dedicated experiments on plasma disruptions in the TEXTOR tokamak the mechanisms of the formation of runaway electron beams and their losses are proposed. The plasma disruption is caused by…
For the simulation of disruptions in tokamak fusion plasmas, a fluid model describing the evolution of relativistic runaway electrons and their interaction with the background plasma is presented. The overall aim of the model is to…
The disruption and runaway electron analysis model code was extended to include tungsten impurities in disruption simulations with the aim of studying the runaway electron (RE) generation. This study investigates RE current sensitivity on…
The path of tokamak fusion and ITER is maintaining high-performance plasma to produce sufficient fusion power. This effort is hindered by the transient energy burst arising from the instabilities at the boundary of high-confinement plasmas.…
For ITER-relevant runaway electron studies, such as suppression, mitigation, termination and/or control of runaway beam, obtaining the runaway electrons after the disruption is important. In this paper we report on the first achieved…
Plasma terminating disruptions in tokamaks may result in relativistic runaway electron beams with potentially serious consequences for future devices with large plasma currents. In this paper we investigate the effect of plasma elongation…
Runaway particles can be produced in plasmas with large electric fields. Here we address the possibility that such runaway ions and electrons excite Alfv\'enic instabilities. The magnetic perturbation induced by these modes can enhance the…
Runaway electrons (RE) generated during magnetic disruptions present a major threat to the safe operation of plasma nuclear fusion reactors. A critical aspect of understanding RE dynamics is to calculate the runaway probability, i.e., the…
The turbulence in magnetically confined fusion plasmas has important and non-trivial effects on the quality of the energy confinement. These effects are hard to make a quantitative assessment of analytically. The problem investigated in…
The potential formation of multi-mega-ampere beams of relativistic "runaway" electrons (REs) during sudden terminations of tokamak plasmas poses a significant challenge to the tokamak's development as a fusion energy source. Here, we use…
The transition of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility from its initial commissioning phase (Day-0, plasma current $I_{p}=2$ MA) to the full power scenario ($I_{p}=5.5$ MA) introduces a critical shift in the dynamics of runaway…
Runaway electrons (REs) present a high-priority issue for ITER but little is known about the extent to which RE generation is affected by the stochastic field intrinsic to disrupting plasmas. RE generation can be modelled with reduced…
We present the first successful simulation of a induced disruption in ASDEX Upgrade from massive material injection (MMI) up to established runaway electron (RE) beam, thus covering pre-thermal quench, thermal quench and current quench (CQ)…