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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its performance deteriorates under statistical heterogeneity. Clustered Federated Learning addresses this challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mahad Ali , Laura J. Brattain

Federated learning (FL) offers a solution to train a global machine learning model while still maintaining data privacy, without needing access to data stored locally at the clients. However, FL suffers performance degradation when client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Zihan Chen , Kai Fong Ernest Chong , Tony Q. S. Quek

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed data while preserving privacy. However, in real-world FL settings, client data is often non-identically distributed and imbalanced, resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gergely D. Németh , Eros Fanì , Yeat Jeng Ng , Barbara Caputo , Miguel Ángel Lozano , Nuria Oliver , Novi Quadrianto

Federated Learning (FL) is an evolving machine learning method in which multiple clients participate in collaborative learning without sharing their data with each other and the central server. In real-world applications such as hospitals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Hussain Ahmad Madni , Rao Muhammad Umer , Gian Luca Foresti

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-centric distributed learning framework, enabling model training on individual clients and central aggregation without necessitating data exchange. Nonetheless, FL implementations often suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rongyu Zhang , Yun Chen , Chenrui Wu , Fangxin Wang , Bo Li

Federated Learning (FL) has shown great potential as a privacy-preserving solution to learning from decentralized data that are only accessible to end devices (i.e., clients). In many scenarios, however, a large proportion of the clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Wentai Wu , Ligang He , Weiwei Lin , Carsten Maple

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm where many local nodes collaboratively train a central model while keeping the training data decentralized. This is particularly relevant for clinical applications since patient data…

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach to training machine learning models across decentralized data sources while preserving data privacy, particularly in manufacturing and shared production environments. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tatjana Legler , Vinit Hegiste , Ahmed Anwar , Martin Ruskowski

Data privacy remains a critical concern in educational research, requiring strict adherence to ethical standards and regulatory protocols. While traditional approaches rely on anonymization and centralized data collection, they often expose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Ehsan Latif , Xiaoming Zhai

While large pre-trained models have achieved impressive performance across AI tasks, their deployment in privacy-sensitive and distributed environments remains challenging. Federated learning (FL) offers a viable solution by enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruofan Jia , Weiying Xie , Jie Lei , Jitao Ma , Haonan Qin , Leyuan Fang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among multiple clients without the need to expose raw data. Its ability to safeguard privacy, at the heart of FL, has recently been a hot-button debate topic. To elaborate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Fuyi Wang , Cen Chen , Jianying Zhou

Federated learning enables distributed clients to collaborate on training while storing their data locally to protect client privacy. However, due to the heterogeneity of data, models, and devices, the final global model may need to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Wolong Xing , Zhenkui Shi , Hongyan Peng , Xiantao Hu , Xianxian Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a pioneering approach in distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across multiple clients while retaining data privacy. However, the inherent heterogeneity due to imbalanced resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Suraj Racha , Shubh Gupta , Humaira Firdowse , Aastik Solanki , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Kshitij S. Jadhav

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) across cloud-edge environments by allowing collaborative model training without centralizing data. In cross-device deployments, FL systems face strict communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Daniel M. Jimenez-Gutierrez , Giovanni Giunta , Mehrdad Hassanzadeh , Aris Anagnostopoulos , Ioannis Chatzigiannakis , Andrea Vitaletti

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm in machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across decentralized devices without the need for raw data sharing. In FL, a global model is trained iteratively on local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kanishka Ranaweera , Azadeh Ghari Neiat , Xiao Liu , Bipasha Kashyap , Pubudu N. Pathirana

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training models while preserving data privacy in decentralized settings. However, FL encounters challenges related to data heterogeneity, which can result in performance degradation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Seongyoon Kim , Gihun Lee , Jaehoon Oh , Se-Young Yun

Data heterogeneity across clients is one of the key challenges in Federated Learning (FL), which may slow down the global model convergence and even weaken global model performance. Most existing approaches tackle the heterogeneity by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jun Nie , Danyang Xiao , Lei Yang , Weigang Wu

Previous studies on federated learning (FL) often encounter performance degradation due to data heterogeneity among different clients. In light of the recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4v and LLaVA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jianyi Zhang , Hao Frank Yang , Ang Li , Xin Guo , Pu Wang , Haiming Wang , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning method that offers medical institutes the prospect of collaboration in a global model while preserving the privacy of their patients. Although most medical centers conduct similar medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Yousef Yeganeh , Azade Farshad , Johann Boschmann , Richard Gaus , Maximilian Frantzen , Nassir Navab

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training across decentralized clients while preserving data privacy by avoiding raw data exchange. Despite its potential, FL performance is often compromised by data heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qijun Hou , Yuchen Shi , Pingyi Fan , Khaled B. Letaief