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To perform Quantum Key Distribution, the mastering of the extremely weak signals carried by the quantum channel is required. Transporting these signals without disturbance is customarily done by isolating the quantum channel from any noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-21 D. Lancho , J. Martinez , D. Elkouss , M. Soto , V. Martin

Experimental realization of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) in a daylight uplink (ground-to-satellite) communication channel is highly challenging due to the very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this configuration and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Kaushik Joarder , Jakub Szlachetka , Piotr Kolenderski

Reliable and secure communication is essential for mission-critical aerospace and defence operations involving autonomous platforms such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), satellites, and ground control systems. In contested or dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Dhrumil Bhatt , Anakha Kurup

This paper studies cryptographic key exchange in satellite communications, which requires specific solutions because the satellite context presents unique challenges, particularly concerning onboard resource constraints and long…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Davide De Zuane , Marco Baldi , Paolo Santini , Grégoire Anchelergues , Daniele Romano , Alessandro Cammarano , Juan José Grosso

With the emergence of quantum computing and quantum networks, many communication protocols that take advantage of the unique properties of quantum mechanics to achieve a secure bidirectional exchange of information, have been proposed. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Shaokai Lin , Zichuan Wang , Lior Horesh

The quantum internet holds the potential to facilitate applications that are fundamentally inaccessible to the classical internet. Among its most prominent applications is quantum key distribution (QKD) networks, which connect two distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Xu Liu , Tao Wang , Junpeng Zhang , Yankai Xu , Yuehan Xu , Lang Li , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

We address continuous variable quantum key distribution (QKD) in non-Markovian lossy channels and show how the non-Markovian features may be exploited to enhance security and/or to detect the presence and the position of an eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ruggero Vasile , Stefano Olivares , Matteo G A Paris , Sabrina Maniscalco

Quantum Key Distribution Networks (QKDN) enable secure communication even in the age of powerful quantum computers. In the hands of a network operator, which can offer its service to many users, the economic viability of a QKDN increases…

The accelerating digitalization and decentralization of modern power systems expose critical communication infrastructures to escalating cyber risks, particularly under emerging quantum computing threats. This paper presents an integrated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Ziqing Zhu

We survey the most important results and some recent developments about the secure key exchange protocol where the security is based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the robustness of classical physical information. We conclude that…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Laszlo B. Kish

Quantum key distribution (QKD) via satellite links is the only currently viable solution to create quantum-backed secure communication at a global scale. To achieve intercontinental coverage with available technology one must adopt a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Gianluca De Santis , Konstantin Kravtsov , Sana Amairi-Pyka , James A. Grieve

Covert communication offers a method to transmit messages in such a way that it is not possible to detect that the communication is happening at all. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of covert communication that is…

A recent paper by Gunn-Allison-Abbott (GAA) [L.J. Gunn et al., Scientific Reports 4 (2014) 6461] argued that the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system could experience a severe information leak. Here we refute their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Zoltan Gingl , Robert Mingesz , Gergely Vadai , Janusz Smulko , Claes-Goran Granqvist

As cyber threats become more complex, modern networks struggle to balance security, scalability, and computational efficiency. While quantum computing offers a promising solution, adoption is limited by scalability constraints,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Shakil Ahmed , Ibne Farabi Shihab , Ashfaq Khokhar

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

Fiber-based quantum communication networks are currently limited without quantum repeaters. Satellite-based quantum links have been proposed to extend the network domain. We have developed a quantum communication system, suitable for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Joseph C. Chapman , Charles C. W. Lim , Paul G. Kwiat

We propose an unconditionally secure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses a relatively strong signal pulse. While our protocol shares similar security bases as the Bennett 1992 protocol with a strong reference pulse (B92),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kiyoshi Tamaki

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications are highly promising to improve the capacity of modern wireless networks, while the physical layer security (PLS) techniques hold great potential to enhance the critical secrecy performance therein.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Yuanyu Zhang , Yulong Shen , Xiaohong Jiang , Shoji Kasahara

Quantum key distribution (QKD) serves as a cornerstone of secure quantum communication, providing unconditional security grounded in quantum mechanics. While trusted-node networks have facilitated early QKD deployment, their vulnerability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jingyang Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Huajian Ding , Jiaxin Xu , Chunhui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) enables remote users to share high-rate and unconditionally secure secret keys while maintaining compatibility with classical optical communication networks and effective resistance…