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The Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme leverages statistical physics to enable secure communication with zero average power flow in a wired channel. While the original KLJN scheme requires significant power for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Christiana Chamon

This paper significantly advances the application of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in Free- Space Optics (FSO) satellite-based quantum communication. We propose an innovative satellite quantum channel model and derive the secret quantum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Mouli Chakraborty , Anshu Mukherjee , Ioannis Krikidis , Avishek Nag , Subhash Chandra

This paper introduces a new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. The attack is based on the nonlinearity of the noise generators. We explore the effect of total distortion (TD) at the second…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Christiana Chamon , Laszlo B. Kish

The security of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-(like)-noise (KLJN) key exchange system is based on the Fluctuation-Dissipation-Theorem of classical statistical physics. Similarly to quantum key distribution, in practical situations, due to the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Hsien-Pu Chen , Elias Gonzalez , Yessica Saez , Laszlo B. Kish

We introduce two new Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution schemes which are generalizations of the original KLJN scheme. The first of these, the Random-Resistor (RR-) KLJN scheme, uses random resistors with values…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Laszlo Bela Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist

In this paper, a Resistor Hopping (RH) scheme with the addition of biases is proposed for secure Kirchhoff Law Johnson-Noise (KLJN) communication. The RH approach enables us to increase the bit rate of secure communication between Alice and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Mohammad Salman , Rausley A. A. de Souza

In the upcoming 6G era, existing terrestrial networks have evolved toward space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN), providing ultra-high data rates, seamless network coverage, and ubiquitous intelligence for communications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Zehui Xiong , Jiawen Kang , Xianbin Cao , Xuemin Sherman Shen , Chunyan Miao

We introduce the so far most efficient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. This attack utilizes the lack of exact thermal equilibrium in practical applications and is based on cable resistance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist

Recently, Bennett and Riedel (BR) (http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.7435v1) argued that thermodynamics is not essential in the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) classical physical cryptographic exchange method in an effort to disprove the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Laszlo B. Kish , Derek Abbott , Claes-Goran Granqvist

It is shown that the original Kirchhoff-loop-Johnson(-like)-noise (KLJN) cipher is naturally protected against the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, if the eavesdropper is using resistors and noise voltage generators just like the sender and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

A recent IEEE Access Paper by Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) proposed a new transient attack against the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system. The attack is valid, but it is easy to build a defense for the KLJN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-19 Laszlo Bela Kish , Claes Goran Granqvist

A new attack against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key distribution system is explored. The attack is based on utilizing a parasitic dc-voltage-source in the loop. Relevant situations often exist in the low-frequency limit in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Mutaz Y. Melhem , Laszlo B. Kish

The imperative need for unconditional secure key exchange is expounded by the increasing connectivity of networks and by the increasing number and level of sophistication of cyberattacks. Two concepts that are information theoretically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Elias Gonzalez , Robert S. Balog , Laszlo B. Kish

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

The ultra-secure quantum network leverages quantum cryptography to deliver unsurpassed data transfer security. In principle, the well-known quantum key distribution (QKD) achieves unconditional security, which raises concerns about the…

A pair of Kirchhoff-Loop-Johnson(-like)-Noise communicators, which is able to work over variable ranges, was designed and built. Tests have been carried out on a model-line performance characteristics were obtained for ranges beyond the…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-15 Robert Mingesz , Zoltan Gingl , Laszlo B. Kish

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows the generation of cryptographic keys beyond the computational hardness paradigm and is befitting for secure data transmission requiring long-term security. The communication distance of fibre-based QKD,…

Very recently, it has been shown that thermal noise and its artificial versions (Johnson-like noises) can be utilized as an information carrier with peculiar properties therefore it may be proper to call this topic Thermal Noise…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Laszlo B. Kish , Robert Mingesz , Zoltan gingl

Security of modern classical data encryption often relies on computationally hard problems, which can be trivialized with the advent of quantum computers. A potential remedy for this is quantum communication which takes advantage of the…

The security vulnerability of the Vadai, Mingesz, and Gingl (VMG) Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) key exchanger, as presented in the publication "Nature, Science Report 5 (2015) 13653," has been exposed to transient attacks. Recently an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Shahriar Ferdous , Laszlo B. Kish