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Related papers: From Threat to Tool: Leveraging Refusal-Aware Inje…

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Vision language models (VLMs) extend the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to cross-modal settings, yet remain highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks. Existing defenses predominantly rely on safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengxuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Gang Xu , Tao He , Hongjie Jiang , Ming Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are aligned to meet ethical standards and safety requirements by training them to refuse answering harmful or unsafe prompts. In this paper, we demonstrate how adversaries can exploit LLMs' alignment to implant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Ihsen Alouani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large Language Models have emerged as transformative tools for Security Operations Centers, enabling automated log analysis, phishing triage, and malware explanation; however, deployment in adversarial cybersecurity environments exposes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mohammed Himayath Ali , Mohammed Aqib Abdullah , Mohammed Mudassir Uddin , Shahnawaz Alam

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across sectors, yet their alignment with International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is not well understood. This study evaluates eight leading LLMs on their ability to refuse prompts that explicitly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 John Mavi , Diana Teodora Găitan , Sergio Coronado

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance across diverse tasks yet remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety mechanisms. We present RAID (Refusal-Aware and Integrated Decoding), a framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tuan T. Nguyen , John Le , Thai T. Vu , Willy Susilo , Heath Cooper

Contextual priming, where earlier stimuli covertly bias later judgments, offers an unexplored attack surface for large language models (LLMs). We uncover a contextual priming vulnerability in which the previous response in the dialogue can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Ziqi Miao , Lijun Li , Yuan Xiong , Zhenhua Liu , Pengyu Zhu , Jing Shao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in traditional safety alignment, which often relies on rigid refusal heuristics or representation engineering to block harmful outputs. While they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuyou Zhang , Miao Li , William Han , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Ding Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the development of powerful agentic systems capable of automating complex workflows across various fields. However, these systems are highly vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hao Li , Yankai Yang , G. Edward Suh , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which attempt to elicit harmful responses from LLMs. The evolving nature and diversity of these attacks pose many challenges for defense systems, including (1) adaptation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guangyu Yang , Jinghong Chen , Jingbiao Mei , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements and are now widely used across various domains. Unfortunately, there has been a rising concern that LLMs can be misused to generate harmful or malicious content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bochuan Cao , Yuanpu Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

Recently, major AI providers such as Google and OpenAI have introduced Finetuning-as-a-Service (FaaS), which allows users to customize Large Language Models (LLMs) using their own data. However, this service is vulnerable to safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Seokil Ham , Yubin Choi , Yujin Yang , Seungju Cho , Younghun Kim , Changick Kim

Instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) is a powerful method for improving task-specific performance, but it can inadvertently lead to a phenomenon where models generate harmful responses when faced with malicious prompts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Satya Swaroop Gudipudi , Sreeram Vipparla , Harpreet Singh , Shashwat Goel , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented and growing capabilities, but also introduce complex safety and security challenges that resist conventional risk management. While conventional probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alexander Gutfraind , Vicki Bier

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

Machine learning (ML) models serve as powerful tools for threat detection and mitigation; however, they also introduce potential new risks. Adversarial input can exploit these models through standard interfaces, thus creating new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Betül Güvenç Paltun , Ramin Fuladi , Rim El Malki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage tools such as Google Search to complete complex tasks. However, this tool usage introduces the risk of indirect prompt injections, where malicious instructions hidden in tool outputs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zizhao Wang , Dingcheng Li , Vaishakh Keshava , Phillip Wallis , Ananth Balashankar , Peter Stone , Lukas Rutishauser

Recently, applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in tackling complex tasks. By harnessing the advanced reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge embedded in LLMs, these applications can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yuyang Zhang , Kangjie Chen , Jiaxin Gao , Ronghao Cui , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Tianwei Zhang
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