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In stroke-based rendering, search methods often get trapped in local minima due to discrete stroke placement, while differentiable optimizers lack structural awareness and produce unstructured layouts. To bridge this gap, we propose a dual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jinfan Liu , Wuze Zhang , Zhangli Hu , Zhehan Zhao , Ye Chen , Bingbing Ni

Image-guided drawing can compensate for the lack of skills but often requires a significant number of repetitive strokes to create textures. Existing automatic stroke synthesis methods are usually limited to predefined styles or require…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Yilan Chen , Kin Chung Kwan , Li-Yi Wei , Hongbo Fu

We introduce a novel sketch-to-image tool that aligns with the iterative refinement process of artists. Our tool lets users sketch blocking strokes to coarsely represent the placement and form of objects and detail strokes to refine their…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Vishnu Sarukkai , Lu Yuan , Mia Tang , Maneesh Agrawala , Kayvon Fatahalian

This work introduces a new approach to automatic oil painting that emphasizes the creation of dynamic and expressive brushstrokes. A pivotal challenge lies in mitigating the duplicate and common-place strokes, which often lead to less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Lingyu Liu , Yaxiong Wang , Li Zhu , Lizi Liao , Zhedong Zheng

Rendering techniques based on a random grid can be improved by adapting brushstrokes to the shape of different areas of the original picture. In this paper, the concept of Coherence Length Diagram is applied to determine the adaptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-09-12 Amelia Carolina Sparavigna , Roberto Marazzato

Scene sketching is to convert a scene into a simplified, abstract representation that captures the essential elements and composition of the original scene. It requires a semantic understanding of the scene and consideration of different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yiqi Liang , Ying Liu , Dandan Long , Ruihui Li

This paper introduces a model for producing stylized line drawings from 3D shapes. The model takes a 3D shape and a viewpoint as input, and outputs a drawing with textured strokes, with variations in stroke thickness, deformation, and color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Difan Liu , Matthew Fisher , Aaron Hertzmann , Evangelos Kalogerakis

Sketching is inherently a sequential process, in which strokes are drawn in a meaningful order to explore and refine ideas. However, most generative models treat sketches as static images, overlooking the temporal structure that underlies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Hui Ren , Yuval Alaluf , Omer Bar Tal , Alexander Schwing , Antonio Torralba , Yael Vinker

Generating images from hand-drawings is a crucial and fundamental task in content creation. The translation is difficult as there exist infinite possibilities and the different users usually expect different outcomes. Therefore, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Shin-I Cheng , Yu-Jie Chen , Wei-Chen Chiu , Hung-Yu Tseng , Hsin-Ying Lee

The process of painting fosters creativity and rational planning. However, existing generative AI mostly focuses on producing visually pleasant artworks, without emphasizing the painting process. We introduce a novel task, Collaborative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Nicola Dall'Asen , Willi Menapace , Elia Peruzzo , Enver Sangineto , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

Constructing stroke correspondences between keyframes is one of the most important processes in the production pipeline of hand-drawn inbetweening frames. This process requires time-consuming manual work imposing a tremendous burden on the…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Ryoma Miyauchi , Tsukasa Fukusato , Haoran Xie , Kazunori Miyata

In the last few years, Neural Painting (NP) techniques became capable of producing extremely realistic artworks. This paper advances the state of the art in this emerging research domain by proposing the first approach for Interactive NP.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Elia Peruzzo , Willi Menapace , Vidit Goel , Federica Arrigoni , Hao Tang , Xingqian Xu , Arman Chopikyan , Nikita Orlov , Yuxiao Hu , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe , Elisa Ricci

Stroking and filling are the two basic rendering operations on paths in vector graphics. The theory of filling a path is well-understood in terms of contour integrals and winding numbers, but when path rendering standards specify stroking,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mark J. Kilgard

Encoding images as a series of high-level constructs, such as brush strokes or discrete shapes, can often be key to both human and machine understanding. In many cases, however, data is only available in pixel form. We present a method for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Kevin Frans , Chin-Yi Cheng

Image tracing is a foundational component of the workflow in graphic design, engineering, and computer animation, linking hand-drawn concept images to collections of smooth curves needed for geometry processing and editing. Even for clean…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Mikhail Bessmeltsev , Justin Solomon

We show how to teach machines to paint like human painters, who can use a small number of strokes to create fantastic paintings. By employing a neural renderer in model-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), our agents learn to determine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Zhewei Huang , Wen Heng , Shuchang Zhou

Humans can intuitively decompose an image into a sequence of strokes to create a painting, yet existing methods for generating drawing processes are limited to specific data types and often rely on expensive human-annotated datasets. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Junjie Hu , Shuyong Gao , Qianyu Guo , Yan Wang , Qishan Wang , Yuang Feng , Wenqiang Zhang

Many creative multimedia systems are built upon visual primitives such as strokes or textures, which are difficult to collect at scale and fundamentally different from natural image data. This data scarcity makes it challenging for modern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dantong Qin , Alessandro Bozzon , Xian Yang , Xun Zhang , Yike Guo , Pan Wang

From Paleolithic cave paintings to Impressionism, human painting has evolved to depict increasingly complex and detailed scenes, conveying more nuanced messages. This paper attempts to emerge this artistic capability by simulating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yi Lin , Lin Gu , Ziteng Cui , Shenghan Su , Yumo Hao , Yingtao Tian , Tatsuya Harada , Jianfei Yang

Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) has long been used to create artistic visualizations that prioritize style over realism, enabling the depiction of a wide range of aesthetic effects, from hand-drawn sketches to painterly renderings. While…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kapil Dev