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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently advanced robotic manipulation by translating natural-language instructions and visual observations into control actions. However, existing VLAs are primarily trained on successful expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zewei Ye , Weifeng Lu , Minghao Ye , Tao Lin , Shuo Yang , Junchi Yan , Bo Zhao

Recent advances in robotic manipulation have integrated low-level robotic control into Vision-Language Models (VLMs), extending them into Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Although state-of-the-art VLAs achieve strong performance in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zijun Lin , Jiafei Duan , Haoquan Fang , Dieter Fox , Ranjay Krishna , Cheston Tan , Bihan Wen

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Borong Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yingshan Lei , Yishuai Cai , Josef Dai , Yuanpei Chen , Yaodong Yang

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have been extensively used in robotics applications, achieving great success in various manipulation problems. More recently, VLAs have been used in long-horizon tasks and evaluated on benchmarks, such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Amir Rasouli , Yangzheng Wu , Zhiyuan Li , Rui Heng Yang , Xuan Zhao , Charles Eret , Sajjad Pakdamansavoji

Visual Language Action (VLA) models are a multi-modal class of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that integrate visual perception, natural language understanding, and action planning to enable agents to interpret their environment,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Pablo Valle , Chengjie Lu , Shaukat Ali , Aitor Arrieta

Confidence estimation for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is essential for robots to perform manipulation tasks in the open world, providing crucial signals for risk-sensitive decision-making and failure anticipation. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dehao Huang , Aoxiang Gu , Chengjie Zhang , Bolin Zou , Wenlong Dong , Zilang Cen , Yue Wang , Hong Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Language-conditioned robotic manipulation in open-world settings requires not only accurate task execution but also the ability to detect failures for robust deployment in real-world environments. Although recent advances in vision-language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Clemence Grislain , Hamed Rahimi , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

Trustworthy robot behavior requires not only high levels of task success but also that the robot can reliably quantify how likely it is to succeed. To this end, we present a first-of-its-kind study of confidence calibration in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Thomas P Zollo , Richard Zemel

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic control, with test-time scaling (TTS) gaining attention to enhance robustness beyond training. However, existing TTS methods for VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hyeonbeom Choi , Daechul Ahn , Youhan Lee , Taewook Kang , Seongwon Cho , Jonghyun Choi

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang

The rapid advancement of generative AI and multi-modal foundation models has shown significant potential in advancing robotic manipulation. Vision-language-action (VLA) models, in particular, have emerged as a promising approach for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhijie Wang , Zhehua Zhou , Jiayang Song , Yuheng Huang , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

Pre-trained vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a promising foundation for generalist robot policies, but often produce brittle behaviors or unsafe failures when deployed zero-shot in out-of-distribution scenarios. We present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Cyrus Neary , Omar G. Younis , Artur Kuramshin , Ozgur Aslan , Glen Berseth

Robotic manipulation is a fundamental component of automation. However, traditional perception-planning pipelines often fall short in open-ended tasks due to limited flexibility, while the architecture of a single end-to-end…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in robotic manipulation. However, their robustness to linguistic nuances remains a critical, under-explored safety concern, posing a significant safety risk to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Baoshun Tong , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced robotic manipulation by combining vision, language, and proprioception to predict actions. However, previous methods fuse proprioceptive signals directly with vision-language features,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhuohao Li , Yinghao Li , Jian-Jian Jiang , Lang Zhou , Tianyu Zhang , Jiadong Yin , Mu Lin , Yi-Lin Wei , Wei-Shi Zheng

Recently, some studies have integrated Multimodal Large Language Models into robotic manipulation, constructing vision-language-action models (VLAs) to interpret multimodal information and predict SE(3) poses. While VLAs have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Chenxuan Li , Jiaming Liu , Guanqun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Sixiang Chen , Liang Heng , Chuyan Xiong , Jiaxin Ge , Renrui Zhang , Kaichen Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

Research on Vision Language Action (VLA) models has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Although some of them focus on detecting, preventing, and recovering from task failures, they usually don't deal with adapting to robot's physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hüseyin Arslan , Özgür Erkent

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to interpret natural-language instructions and perform diverse tasks, yet their integration of perception, language, and control introduces new safety vulnerabilities. Despite growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayu Li , Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Zonghuan Xu , Yige Li , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promise for robot control, but their dependence on action supervision limits scalability and generalization. To address this challenge, we introduce CARE, a novel framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiaqi Shi , Xulong Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang
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