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Machine learning models are vulnerable to data inference attacks, such as membership inference and model inversion attacks. In these types of breaches, an adversary attempts to infer a data record's membership in a dataset or even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Dayong Ye , Sheng Shen , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou

With the increase in machine learning (ML) applications in different domains, incentives for deceiving these models have reached more than ever. As data is the core backbone of ML algorithms, attackers shifted their interest toward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

In the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, privacy protection has become crucial, giving rise to machine unlearning. Machine unlearning is a technique that removes specific data influences from trained models without the need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenhan Chang , Tianqing Zhu , Ping Xiong , Yufeng Wu , Faqian Guan , Wanlei Zhou

Machine learning (ML) models may be deemed confidential due to their sensitive training data, commercial value, or use in security applications. Increasingly often, confidential ML models are being deployed with publicly accessible query…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Florian Tramèr , Fan Zhang , Ari Juels , Michael K. Reiter , Thomas Ristenpart

Membership inference attacks seek to infer the membership of individual training instances of a privately trained model. This paper presents a membership privacy analysis and evaluation system, called MPLens, with three unique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Stacey Truex , Ling Liu , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Wenqi Wei , Lei Yu

Transfer learning (TL) has been demonstrated to improve DNN model performance when faced with a scarcity of training samples. However, the suitability of TL as a solution to reduce vulnerability of overfitted DNNs to privacy attacks is…

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) aims to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training dataset of a target model. Traditional MIA approaches rely on shadow models to mimic target model behavior, but their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Li Cuihong , Huang Xiaowen , Yin Chuanhuan , Sang Jitao

Large Language Models are typically trained on datasets collected from the web, which may inadvertently contain harmful or sensitive personal information. To address growing privacy concerns, unlearning methods have been proposed to remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaoyu Wu , Yifei Pang , Terrance Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu

As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which reveal whether a data point was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

Transfer learning, successful in knowledge translation across related tasks, faces a substantial privacy threat from membership inference attacks (MIAs). These attacks, despite posing significant risk to ML model's training data, remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Qianru Fang , Kun He , Ziming Zhao , Hao Ren , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Yang Xiang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to infer whether a data point has been used to train a machine learning model. These attacks can be employed to identify potential privacy vulnerabilities and detect unauthorized use of personal data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Myeongseob Ko , Ming Jin , Chenguang Wang , Ruoxi Jia

Model inversion (MI) attacks have raised increasing concerns about privacy, which can reconstruct training data from public models. Indeed, MI attacks can be formalized as an optimization problem that seeks private data in a certain space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xiaojian Yuan , Kejiang Chen , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Yang Zhang

Training machine learning models with differential privacy (DP) limits an adversary's ability to infer sensitive information about the training data. It can be interpreted as a bound on adversary's capability to distinguish two adjacent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gauri Pradhan , Joonas Jälkö , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin , Antti Honkela

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of particular data points from the learnable parameters of a trained machine learning model. This is a crucial capability in light of data privacy requirements, trustworthiness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xavier F. Cadet , Anastasia Borovykh , Mohammad Malekzadeh , Sara Ahmadi-Abhari , Hamed Haddadi

While machine learning (ML) has made tremendous progress during the past decade, recent research has shown that ML models are vulnerable to various security and privacy attacks. So far, most of the attacks in this field focus on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Junhao Zhou , Yufei Chen , Chao Shen , Yang Zhang

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technologies in face recognition and other fields, data privacy security issues have received extensive attention, especially the \textit{right to be forgotten} emphasized by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weidong Zheng , Kongyang Chen , Yao Huang , Yuanwei Guo , Yatie Xiao

In a model inversion (MI) attack, an adversary abuses access to a machine learning (ML) model to infer and reconstruct private training data. Remarkable progress has been made in the white-box and black-box setups, where the adversary has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Keshigeyan Chandrasegaran , Milad Abdollahzadeh , Ngai-Man Cheung

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a designed trigger is injected into the dataset, causing erroneous predictions when activated. In this paper, we propose a novel defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenjie Huo , Katinka Wolter

How much does a machine learning algorithm leak about its training data, and why? Membership inference attacks are used as an auditing tool to quantify this leakage. In this paper, we present a comprehensive \textit{hypothesis testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jiayuan Ye , Aadyaa Maddi , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Vincent Bindschaedler , Reza Shokri

The remarkable proliferation of deep learning across various industries has underscored the importance of data privacy and security in AI pipelines. As the evolution of sophisticated Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) threatens the secrecy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Eugenio Lomurno , Alberto Archetti , Francesca Ausonio , Matteo Matteucci
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