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The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) is a networking paradigm that builds on top of cloud-based, multi-vendor, open and intelligent architectures to shape the next generation of cellular networks for 5G and beyond. While this new paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joshua Groen , Salvatore DOro , Utku Demir , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , Kaushik Chowdhury

The fifth-generation mobile evolution enables several transformations on Next Generation Radio Access Networks (NG-RAN). The RAN protocol stack is splitting into eight possible disaggregated options combined into three network units, i.e.,…

Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) Radio Access Networks (RANs) are a promising solution to tackle the overcrowding of the sub-6 GHz spectrum, offering wider and underutilized bands. However, they are characterized by inherent technical challenges,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Paolo Fiore , Ilario Filippini , Danilo De Donno

Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing, which often also includes spectrum sharing, is a strategic cooperative agreement among two or more mobile operators, where one operator may use another's RAN infrastructure to provide mobile services to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Rostand A. K. Fezeu , Lilian C. Freitas , Eman Ramadan , Jason Carpenter , Claudio Fiandrino , Joerg Widmer , Zhi-Li Zhang

Radio access network (RAN) slicing realizes a vision where physical network resources that belong to a specific infrastructure provider can be shared among multiple mobile network operators (MNOs). Existing work in this area has addressed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Salvatore D'Oro , Francesco Restuccia , Tommaso Melodia

Within 3GPP, the campus network architecture has evolved as a deployment option for industries and can be provisioned using network slicing over already installed 5G public network infrastructure. In campus networks, the ultra-reliable low…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Iulisloi Zacarias , Francisco Carpio , André Costa Drummond , Admela Jukan

The evolution of telecommunication network towards cloud-native environments enables flexible centralization of the base band processing of radio signals. There is however a trade-off between the centralization benefits and the fronthaul…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Veronica Quintuna Rodriguez , Fabrice Guillemin , Alexandre Ferrieux , Laurent Thomas

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) promise flexible 6G network access through disaggregated, software-driven components and open interfaces, but this programmability also increases operational complexity. Multiple control loops coexist…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hojjat Navidan , Mohammad Cheraghinia , Jaron Fontaine , Mohamed Seif , Eli De Poorter , H. Vincent Poor , Ingrid Moerman , Adnan Shahid

The increasing complexity of Beyond 5G and 6G networks necessitates new paradigms for autonomy and assur- ance. Traditional O-RAN control loops rely heavily on RIC- based orchestration, which centralizes intelligence and exposes the system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Sukhdeep Singh , Avinash Bhat , Shweta M , Subhash K Singh , Moonki Hong , Madhan Raj K , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Sunder A. Khowaja , Kapal Dev

The emergence of Centralized-RAN (C-RAN) has revolutionized mobile network infrastructure, offering streamlined cell-site engineering and enhanced network management capabilities. As C-RAN gains momentum, the focus shifts to optimizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Marcello Morini , Eugenio Moro , Ilario Filippini , Danilo De Donno , Antonio Capone

In 3GPP the architecture of a New Radio Access Network (New RAN) has been defined where the evolved NodeB (eNB) functions can be split between a Distributed Unit (DU) and Central Unit (CU). Furthermore, in the virtual RAN (VRAN) approach,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-06 F. Giannone , H. Gupta , D. Manicone , K. Kondepu , A. Franklin , P. Castoldi , L. Valcarenghi

The open radio access network (O-RAN) describes an industry-driven open architecture and interfaces for building next generation RANs with artificial intelligence (AI) controllers. We circulated a survey among researchers, developers, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Aly S. Abdalla , Pratheek S. Upadhyaya , Vijay K. Shah , Vuk Marojevic

For many, this is no longer a valid question and the case is considered settled with SDN/NFV (Software Defined Networking/Network Function Virtualization) providing the inevitable innovation enablers solving many outstanding management…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Zainab Zaidi , Vasilis Friderikos , Zarrar Yousaf , Simon Fletcher , Mischa Dohler , Hamid Aghvami

The fifth generation (5G) wireless network technology is to be standardized by 2020, where main goals are to improve capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency, while reducing latency and massively increasing connection density. An…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Imtiaz Parvez , Ali Rahmati , Ismail Guvenc , Arif I. Sarwat , Huaiyu Dai

The evolution of the future beyond-5G/6G networks towards a service-aware network is based on network slicing technology. With network slicing, communication service providers seek to meet all the requirements imposed by the verticals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Abderrahime Filali , Boubakr Nour , Soumaya Cherkaoui , Abdellatif Kobbane

Network slicing enables multiple virtual networks to be instantiated and customized to meet heterogeneous use case requirements over 5G and beyond network deployments. However, most of the solutions available today face scalability issues…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Farhad Rezazadeh , Lanfranco Zanzi , Francesco Devoti , Hatim Chergui , Xavier Costa-Perez , Christos Verikoukis

The new generation of 5G mobile services places stringent requirements for cellular network operators in terms of latency and costs. The latest trend in radio access networks (RANs) is to pool the baseband units (BBUs) of multiple radio…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Deval Bhamare , Aiman Erbad , Raj Jain , Maede Zolanvari , Mohammed Samaka

The emerging 5G technology needs to support simultaneously running incompatible service types on a common infrastructure. Network slicing is a solution that corresponds a slice of the network to each service type. Ensuring that user…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Seyed Ali Hashemian , Farid Ashtiani

Open radio access network (ORAN) provides an open architecture to implement radio access network (RAN) of the fifth generation (5G) and beyond mobile communications. As a key technology for the evolution to the sixth generation (6G)…

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications has been recently standardized for use in the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, fulfilling the promise of multi-gigabit mobile throughput of current and future mobile radio network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Eugenio Moro , Gabriele Gemmi , Michele Polese , Leonardo Maccari , Antonio Capone , Tommaso Melodia