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Numerical models of the solar wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) utilize photospheric magnetic field observations to prescribe the inner boundary conditions for the plasma solutions. These magnetic field data are available to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Nishtha Sachdeva , Zhenguang Huang , Gabor Toth , Hongfan Chen , Ward B. Manchester , Bart van der Holst

Solar power harbors immense potential in mitigating climate change by substantially reducing CO$_{2}$ emissions. Nonetheless, the inherent variability of solar irradiance poses a significant challenge for seamlessly integrating solar power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Oussama Boussif , Ghait Boukachab , Dan Assouline , Stefano Massaroli , Tianle Yuan , Loubna Benabbou , Yoshua Bengio

Understanding the global rotational profile of the solar atmosphere and its variation is fundamental to uncovering a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the solar magnetic field and the extent of coupling between different layers…

We present a novel global 3-D coronal MHD model called COCONUT, polytropic in its first stage and based on a time-implicit backward Euler scheme. Our model boosts run-time performance in comparison with contemporary MHD-solvers based on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Barbara Perri , Peter Leitner , Michaela Brchnelova , Tinatin Baratashvili , Blazej Kuzma , Fan Zhang , Andrea Lani , Stefaan Poedts

Machine learning models for forecasting solar flares have been trained and evaluated using a variety of data sources, including Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) operational and science-quality data. Typically, data from these sources…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-02 Ke Hu , Kevin Jin , Victor Verma , Weihao Liu , Ward Manchester , Lulu Zhao , Tamas Gombosi , Yang Chen

We seek to understand the composition and variability of fast (FSW) and slow Alfvenic solar wind (SASW) emerging from coronal holes (CH). We leverage an opportune conjunction between Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during PSP…

Connecting the solar wind observed throughout the heliosphere to its origins in the solar corona is one of the central aims of heliophysics. The variability in the magnetic field, bulk plasma, and heavy ion composition properties of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-26 B. J. Lynch , N. M. Viall , A. K. Higginson , L. Zhao , S. T. Lepri , X. Sun

During the last decades, international attempts have been made to develop realistic space weather prediction tools aiming to forecast the conditions on the Sun and in the interplanetary environment. These efforts have led to the development…

Understanding the large-scale three-dimensional structure of the inner heliosphere, while important in its own right, is crucial for space weather applications, such as forecasting the time of arrival and propagation of coronal mass…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-29 José Juan González-Avilés , Pete Riley , Michal Ben-Nun , Prateek Mayank , Bhargav Vaidya

The launches of Parker Solar Probe (Parker) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) are enabling a new era of solar wind studies that track the solar wind from its origin at the photosphere, through the corona, to multiple vantage points in the inner…

Angular broadening observations of compact radio sources provide a powerful method for probing the solar corona and solar wind. Such observations enable studies of the phase structure function, turbulence amplitude, intermediate-scale…

The solar minima between solar cycles 22-23, 23-24 and 24-25 are the best observed minima on record. In situ solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field measurements by the WIND and ACE spacecraft at L1 with one-hour cadence are explored…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 P. J. Steyn , D. Johnson , G. J. J. Botha , S. Régnier

The abundance of helium ($A_{He}$) in the solar wind exhibits variations typically in the range from 2-5% with respect to solar cycle activity and solar wind velocity. However, there are instances where the observed $A_{He}$ is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-08 Yogesh , N. Gopalswamy , D. Chakrabarty , Parisa Mostafavi , Seiji Yashiro , Nandita Srivastava , Leon Ofman

This study addresses the prediction of geomagnetic disturbances by exploiting machine learning techniques. Specifically, the Long-Short Term Memory recurrent neural network, which is particularly suited for application over long time…

The development of the Zeeman-Doppler Imagine (ZDI) technique has provided synoptic observations of surface magnetic fields of low-mass stars. This led the Stellar Astrophysics community to adopt modeling techniques that have been used in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-08 Ofer Cohen

Reanalysis datasets have become indispensable tools for wind resource assessment and wind power simulation, offering long-term and spatially continuous wind fields across large regions. However, they inherently contain systematic wind speed…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Yan Wang , Simon C. Warder , Ellyess F. Benmoufok , Andrew Wynn , Oliver R. H. Buxton , Iain Staffell , Matthew D. Piggott

The ngVLA has the potential to play a significant role in characterizing properties of the outer corona and the heating and acceleration of the solar wind into the inner heliosphere. In particular, using distant background sources to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 T. S. Bastian

We investigate the characteristics and the sources of the slow (< 450 km/s) solar wind during the four years (2006-2009) of low solar activity between Solar Cycles 23 and 24. We use a comprehensive set of in-situ observations in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-05 E. K. J. Kilpua , M. S. Madjarska , N. Karna , T. Wiegelmann , C. Farrugia , W. Yu , K. Andreeova

Surface solar irradiance varies on scales as small as seconds or meters due to scattering and absorption by the atmosphere. Clouds are the main driver of this variability, but moisture structures in the atmospheric boundary layer and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Wouter Mol , Bert Heusinkveld , Mary Rose Mangan , Oscar Hartogensis , Menno Veerman , Chiel van Heerwaarden

The process by which the Sun affects the terrestrial environment on short timescales is predominately driven by the amount of magnetic reconnection between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere. Reconnection occurs most efficiently when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 N. P. Savani , A. Vourlidas , A. Szabo , M. L. Mays , I. G. Richardson , B. J. Thompson , A. Pulkkinen , R. Evans , T. Nieves-Chinchilla