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Approximate circuit design has gained significance in recent years targeting error tolerant applications. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the commonly used assumption that the inputs to the adder are uniformly distributed results…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Celia Dharmaraj , Vinita Vasudevan , Nitin Chandrachoodan

Modern Neural Network (NN) architectures heavily rely on vast numbers of multiply-accumulate arithmetic operations, constituting the predominant computational cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-throughput, scalable and energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xuqi Zhu , Huaizhi Zhang , JunKyu Lee , Jiacheng Zhu , Chandrajit Pal , Sangeet Saha , Klaus D. McDonald-Maier , Xiaojun Zhai

Recently, the demand of low-power deep-learning hardware for industrial applications has been increasing. Most existing artificial intelligence (AI) chips have evolved to rely on new chip technologies rather than on radically new hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Byungik Ahn

The design of approximate adders has been widely researched to advance energy-efficient hardware for computation-intensive multimedia applications, such as image, audio, or video processing. The design of approximate adders has been widely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hasnain A. Ziad , Ashiq A. Sakib

Matrix multiplication is the bedrock in Deep Learning inference application. When it comes to hardware acceleration on edge computing devices, matrix multiplication often takes up a great majority of the time. To achieve better performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yuyang Zhang , Dik Hin Leung , Min Guo , Yijia Xiao , Haoyue Liu , Yunfei Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Guan Wang , Zhen Chen

Montgomery modular multiplication is widely-used in public key cryptosystems (PKC) and affects the efficiency of upper systems directly. However, modulus is getting larger due to the increasing demand of security, which results in a heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuxuan Zhang , Hua Guo , Chen Chen , Yewei Guan , Xiyong Zhang , Zhenyu Guan

Low-precision arithmetic operations to accelerate deep-learning applications on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been studied extensively, because they offer the potential to save silicon area or increase throughput. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-20 Julian Faraone , Martin Kumm , Martin Hardieck , Peter Zipf , Xueyuan Liu , David Boland , Philip H. W. Leong

The number of Digital Signal Processor (DSP) resources available in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is often quite limited. Therefore, full utilization of available DSP resources for the computationally intensive parts of an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in both training of neural networks and inference. To accelerate matrix multiplication, Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) provide it implemented in hardware. Due to the increased throughput…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Faizan A. Khattak , Mantas Mikaitis

The data transfer between a processor and memory has become a design bottleneck in data-intensive applications. Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is a practical approach to overcome the memory wall bottleneck. The 4:2 compressor is suitable for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Bahareh Bagheralmoosavi , Seyed Erfan Fatemieh , Mohammad Reza Reshadinezhad , Antonio Rubio

In this paper, we propose a scalable approximate multiplier design, scaleTRIM, that approximates the multiplication operation using fitted linear functions, also referred to as linearization. We show that multiplication operations can be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ebrahim Farahmand , Mohammad Javad Askarizadeh , Ali Mahani , Behnam Ghavami , Hassan Ghasemzadeh , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Approximate computing is an emerging paradigm to improve the power and performance efficiency of error-resilient applications. As adders are one of the key components in almost all processing systems, a significant amount of research has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Ebrahim Farahmand , Ali Mahani , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

With the increasing application of machine learning (ML) algorithms in embedded systems, there is a rising necessity to design low-cost computer arithmetic for these resource-constrained systems. As a result, emerging models of computation,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siva Satyendra Sahoo , Salim Ullah , Akash Kumar

Multiplication is a fundamental operation in many applications, and multipliers are widely adopted in various circuits. However, optimizing multipliers is challenging due to the extensive design space. In this paper, we propose a multiplier…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Dongsheng Zuo , Jiadong Zhu , Yikang Ouyang , Yuzhe Ma

Approximate deep neural networks (AxDNNs) are promising for enhancing energy efficiency in real-world devices. One of the key contributors behind this enhanced energy efficiency in AxDNNs is the use of approximate multipliers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ayesha Siddique , Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

In this paper a low power and low area array multiplier with carry save adder is proposed. The proposed adder eliminates the final addition stage of the multiplier than the conventional parallel array multiplier. The conventional and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-12-01 Nirlakalla Ravi , A. Satish , T. Jayachandra Prasad , T. Subba Rao

Approximate computing is emerging as an alternative to accurate computing due to its potential for realizing digital circuits and systems with low power dissipation, less critical path delay, and less area occupancy for an acceptable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-19 P Balasubramanian

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in the central signal processing design of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) as acceleration hardware. The frequency domain acceleration search (FDAS) module is an important part of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Haomiao Wang , Prabu Thiagaraj , Oliver Sinnen

The computing industry is forced to find alternative design approaches and computing platforms to sustain increased power efficiency, while providing sufficient performance. Among the examined solutions, Approximate Computing, Hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Vasileios Leon

This paper presents a workflow for synthesizing near-optimal FPGA implementations for structured-mesh based stencil applications for explicit solvers. It leverages key characteristics of the application class, its computation-communication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Kamalavasan Kamalakkannan , Gihan R. Mudalige , Istvan Z. Reguly , Suhaib A. Fahmy