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This paper introduces a decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning framework enabling structurally heterogeneous teams of agents to jointly discover and acquire randomly located targets in environments characterized by partial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Gabriele Calzolari , Vidya Sumathy , Christoforos Kanellakis , George Nikolakopoulos

We propose an improved algorithm by identifying and encouraging cooperative behavior in multi-agent environments. First, we analyze the shortcomings of existing algorithms in addressing multi-agent reinforcement learning problems. Then,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junjie Qi , Siqi Mao , Tianyi Tan

There is a recent trend of applying multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to train an agent that can cooperate with humans in a zero-shot fashion without using any human data. The typical workflow is to first repeatedly run self-play…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Weilin Liu , Botian Xu , Hao Tang , Jiaqi Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

To effectively operate in various dynamic scenarios, RL agents must be resilient to unexpected changes in their environment. Previous work on this form of resilience has focused on single-agent settings. In this work, we introduce and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ilai Shraga , Guy Azran , Matthias Gerstgrasser , Ofir Abu , Jeffrey S. Rosenschein , Sarah Keren

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

For multi-robot teams with heterogeneous capabilities, typical task allocation methods assign tasks to robots based on the suitability of the robots to perform certain tasks as well as the requirements of the task itself. However, in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Yousef Emam , Siddharth Mayya , Gennaro Notomista , Addison Bohannon , Magnus Egerstedt

We consider the problem of robust multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents, mainly those trained in a centralized way, can be brittle because they can adopt policies that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 T. van der Heiden , C. Salge , E. Gavves , H. van Hoof

The majority of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) literature equates the cooperation of self-interested agents in mixed environments to the problem of social welfare maximization, allowing agents to arbitrarily share rewards and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Dmitry Ivanov , Ilya Zisman , Kirill Chernyshev

There has been growing interest in the use of multi-robot systems in various tasks and scenarios. The main attractiveness of such systems is their flexibility, robustness, and scalability. An often overlooked yet promising feature is system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Hian Lee Kwa , Victor Babineau , Julien Philippot , Roland Bouffanais

Credit assignment, the process of attributing credit or blame to individual agents for their contributions to a team's success or failure, remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), particularly in…

Spatial task allocation in systems such as multi-robot delivery or ride-sharing requires balancing efficiency with fair service across tasks. Greedy assignment policies that match each agent to its highest-preference or lowest-cost task can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yao Liu , Sampad Mohanty , Elizabeth Ondula , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Federated learning promises significant sample-efficiency gains by pooling data across multiple agents, yet incentive misalignment is an obstacle: each update is costly to the contributor but boosts every participant. We introduce a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ariel D. Procaccia , Han Shao , Itai Shapira

We propose a multimodal (vision-and-language) benchmark for cooperative and heterogeneous multi-agent learning. We introduce a benchmark multimodal dataset with tasks involving collaboration between multiple simulated heterogeneous robots…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasu Sharma , Prasoon Goyal , Kaixiang Lin , Govind Thattai , Qiaozi Gao , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to coordinate multiple agents to achieve a common goal. A key challenge in MARL is credit assignment, which involves assessing each agent's contribution to the shared reward. Given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xutong Zhao , Yaqi Xie

Agent-based models (ABMs) have shown promise for modelling various real world phenomena incompatible with traditional equilibrium analysis. However, a critical concern is the manual definition of behavioural rules in ABMs. Recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sumitra Ganesh

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms, trained only to optimize task reward, can lead to a concentration of power where the failure or adversarial intent of a single agent could decimate the reward of every agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Michelle Li , Michael Dennis

For a multi-robot system equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, this paper presents a mechanism to allocate robots to tasks in a resilient manner when anomalous environmental conditions such as weather events or adversarial attacks…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Siddharth Mayya , Diego S. D'antonio , David Saldaña , Vijay Kumar

With recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, planning, and complex task generation, artificial intelligence systems are transitioning from isolated single-agent architectures to multi-agent systems with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Laiqiao Qin , Longxiang Gao , Wanlei Zhou

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a challenging subarea of Reinforcement Learning due to the non-stationarity of the environments and the large dimensionality of the combined action space. Deep MARL algorithms have been applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yuanchao Xu , Amal Feriani , Ekram Hossain

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) comprises an area of growing interest in the field of machine learning. Despite notable advances, there are still problems that require investigation. The lazy agent pathology is a famous problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rafael Pina , Varuna De Silva , Corentin Artaud