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Evaluating the causal health effects of multivariate, continuous exposures, such as air pollution mixtures, is a critical public health challenge. A primary obstacle is the frequent violation of the positivity assumption, which renders the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Zhuochao Huang , Kejin Dong , Tuo Lin , Joseph Antonelli

If error distribution has heteroscedasticity, it voliates the assumption of linear regression. Expectile regression is a powerful tool for estimating the conditional expectiles of a response variable in this setting. Since multiple levels…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-03 Jinghang Lin , Yuan Huang , Shuangge Ma

Standard high-dimensional regression methods assume that the underlying coefficient vector is sparse. This might not be true in some cases, in particular in presence of hidden, confounding variables. Such hidden confounding can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-19 Domagoj Ćevid , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

In this third paper of a series on radio weak lensing for cosmology with the Square Kilometre Array, we scrutinise synergies between cosmic shear measurements in the radio and optical/near-IR bands for mitigating systematic effects. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-19 Stefano Camera , Ian Harrison , Anna Bonaldi , Michael L. Brown

In this paper, we propose a Spatial Robust Mixture Regression model to investigate the relationship between a response variable and a set of explanatory variables over the spatial domain, assuming that the relationships may exhibit complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-30 Wennan Chang , Pengtao Dang , Changlin Wan , Xiaoyu Lu , Yue Fang , Tong Zhao , Yong Zang , Bo Li , Chi Zhang , Sha Cao

This paper studies the confounding effects from the unmeasured confounders and the imbalance of observed confounders in IV regression and aims at unbiased causal effect estimation. Recently, nonlinear IV estimators were proposed to allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Anpeng Wu , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Bo Li , Fei Wu

Age dependent performance disparities in medical image classification often arise because age acts as a confounder, linking imaging morphology with disease prevalence. In practice, disparities can manifest as overdiagnosis at ages where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Nikhil Cherian Kurian , Victor Caquilpan Parra , Abin Shoby , Luke Whitbread , Lyle J. Palmer

Epidemiologists commonly use regional aggregates of health outcomes to map mortality or incidence rates and identify geographic disparities. However, to detect health disparities across regions, it is necessary to identify "difference…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-14 Luca Aiello , Sudipto Banerjee

We propose a method to distinguish causal influence from hidden confounding in the following scenario: given a target variable Y, potential causal drivers X, and a large number of background features, we propose a novel criterion for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-07 You-Lin Chen , Lenon Minorics , Dominik Janzing

We propose an approach to estimate the effect of multiple simultaneous interventions in the presence of hidden confounders. To overcome the problem of hidden confounding, we consider the setting where we have access to not only the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Sorawit Saengkyongam , Ricardo Silva

In observational studies, researchers must select a method to control for confounding. Options include propensity score methods and regression. It remains unclear how dataset characteristics (size, overlap in propensity scores, exposure…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-21 J. Wilkinson , M. A. Mamas , E. Kontopantelis

Unmeasured confounding presents a significant challenge in causal inference from observational studies. Classical approaches often rely on collecting proxy variables, such as instrumental variables. However, in applications where the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-16 Xiaochuan Shi , Dehan Kong , Linbo Wang

The intuitive motivation for employing a sibling comparison design is to adjust for confounding that is constant within families. Such confounding can be caused by variables that otherwise might prove difficult to measure, for example…

Spatial statistical models are commonly used in geographical scenarios to ensure spatial variation is captured effectively. However, spatial models and cluster algorithms can be complicated and expensive. This paper pursues three main…

Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…

Observational studies require adjustment for confounding factors that are correlated with both the treatment and outcome. In the setting where the observed variables are tabular quantities such as average income in a neighborhood, tools…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Connor T. Jerzak , Fredrik Johansson , Adel Daoud

We develop a new method for multivariate scalar on multidimensional distribution regression. Traditional approaches typically analyze isolated univariate scalar outcomes or consider unidimensional distributional representations as…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Rahul Ghosal , Marcos Matabuena

We study counterfactual distribution learning for high-dimensional outcomes whose counterfactual law may concentrate near lower-dimensional structure. Standard isotropic smoothing treats all ambient directions equally, leading to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Kwangho Kim

Identification of treatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a persistent problem in the social, biological, and medical sciences. The problem of unmeasured confounding in settings with multiple treatments is most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Wang Miao , Wenjie Hu , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Xiaohua Zhou

Comparing counterfactual distributions can provide more nuanced and valuable measures for causal effects, going beyond typical summary statistics such as averages. In this work, we consider characterizing causal effects via distributional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Edward H. Kennedy