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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with a lattice architecture are introduced in this work, combining several desirable properties of SNNs and self-organized maps (SOMs). Networks are trained with biologically motivated, unsupervised learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Hananel Hazan , Daniel J. Saunders , Darpan T. Sanghavi , Hava Siegelmann , Robert Kozma

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) is a popular sequence prediction approach for automatic speech recognition that is typically used with models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We explore whether deep convolutional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Kalpesh Krishna , Liang Lu , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

The energy-efficient and brain-like information processing abilities of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted considerable attention, establishing them as a crucial element of brain-inspired computing. One prevalent challenge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhichao Zhu , Yang Qi , Wenlian Lu , Zhigang Wang , Lu Cao , Jianfeng Feng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer both compelling potential advantages, including energy efficiency and low latencies and challenges including the non-differentiable nature of event spikes. Much of the initial research in this area has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Somayeh Hussaini , Michael Milford , Tobias Fischer

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, offer a distinctive approach for capturing the complexities of temporal data. However, their potential for spatial modeling in multivariate time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bang Hu , Changze Lv , Mingjie Li , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Fengzhe Zhang , Wei cao , Fan Zhang

Electroencephalogram-based motor imagery (MI) classification is an important paradigm of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces. Common spatial pattern (CSP), which exploits different energy distributions on the scalp while performing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Xue Jiang , Lubin Meng , Xinru Chen , Yifan Xu , Dongrui Wu

Encoding static images into spike trains is a fundamental step for enabling Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to process visual information. However, widely used methods such as rate coding, Poisson encoding, and time-to-first-spike (TTFS)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Minchi Hu

Deep neural networks have surpassed human performance in key visual challenges such as object recognition, but require a large amount of energy, computation, and memory. In contrast, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have the potential to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Melani Sanchez-Garcia , Tushar Chauhan , Benoit R. Cottereau , Michael Beyeler

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted the attention of the deep learning community for use in low-latency, low-power neuromorphic hardware, as well as models for understanding neuroscience. In this paper, we introduce Spiking Phasor…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Connor Bybee , E. Paxon Frady , Friedrich T. Sommer

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient computation by mimicking biological neural dynamics, yet existing plasticity rules focus on isolated spike pairs and fail to leverage the synchronous activity patterns that drive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuchen Tian , Assel Kembay , Samuel Tensingh , Nhan Duy Truong , Jason K. Eshraghian , Omid Kavehei

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), recognized for their biological plausibility and energy efficiency, employ sparse and asynchronous spikes for communication. However, the training of SNNs encounters difficulties coming from…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-09 Sushant Yadav , Santosh Chaudhary , Rajesh Kumar

A neuron transforms its input into output spikes, and this transformation is the basic unit of computation in the nervous system. The spiking response of the neuron to a complex, time-varying input can be predicted from the detailed…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2011-12-19 Michael Famulare , Adrienne Fairhall

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). SNNs are based on a more biologically inspired approach than usual artificial neural networks. Such models are characterized by complex dynamics between neurons and spikes. These are very sensitive to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Thomas Firmin , Pierre Boulet , El-Ghazali Talbi

Self-supervised learning has become an increasingly important paradigm in the domain of machine intelligence. Furthermore, evidence for self-supervised adaptation, such as contrastive formulations, has emerged in recent computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Alexander Ororbia , Karl Friston , Rajesh P. N. Rao

Inspired by the operation of biological brains, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the unique ability to detect information encoded in spatio-temporal patterns of spiking signals. Examples of data types requiring spatio-temporal processing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a novel computational paradigm that captures some of the efficiency of biological brains by processing through binary neural dynamic activations. Probabilistic SNN models are typically trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

In the present paper, it is shown how the columnar/layered CoLaNET spiking neural network (SNN) architecture can be used in supervised learning image classification tasks. Image pixel brightness is coded by the spike count during image…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Mikhail Kiselev

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent the most prominent biologically inspired computing model for neuromorphic computing (NC) architectures. However, due to the non-differentiable nature of spiking neuronal functions, the standard error…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Malu Zhang , Guoqi Li , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are emerging as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their unique spike-based event-driven nature. Coding is crucial in SNNs as it converts external input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xuerui Qiu , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuhong Chou , Zhaorui Wang , Liang-jian Deng , Guoqi Li