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Scope: To study the effect of variation in dietary vitamin A (VA) content on its hepatic and intestinal metabolism. Methods and results: Adult female and male rats were fed with diets containing 400, 2300, or 9858 IU/kg VA for 31-33 weeks.…
Purpose: Although elevated BMI is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, the disease's presence in some lean adults and absence in others with obesity suggests that detailed body composition may uncover abdominal phenotypes of type 2…
Oxygen consumption (VO$_2$) provides established clinical and physiological indicators of cardiorespiratory function and exercise capacity. However, VO$_2$ monitoring is largely limited to specialized laboratory settings, making its…
Background: Increased pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with many types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although cardiac magnetic resonance images (CMRI) are often acquired in patients with CVD, there are currently no tools to…
Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) is the deposition of fat in the vicinity of the coronary arteries. It is an indicator of coronary inflammation and associated with coronary artery disease. Non-invasive coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is…
Physical exercise has significant benefits for humans in improving the health and quality of their lives, by improving the functional performance of their cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, it is very important to control the…
Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are psychiatric conditions commonly associated with experiencing a traumatic event. Estimating mental health status through non-invasive techniques such as activity-based algorithms can…
The weighted average treatment effect (WATE) is a causal measure for the comparison of interventions in a specific target population, which may be different from the population where data are sampled from. For instance, when the goal is to…
Quantification of adipose tissue (fat) from computed tomography (CT) scans is conducted mostly through manual or semi-automated image segmentation algorithms with limited efficacy. In this work, we propose a completely unsupervised and…
Breath acetone represents a promising non-invasive biomarker for monitoring fat oxidation during exercise. However, its utility is limited by confounding factors, as well as by the fact that significant changes in concentration occur only…
Purpose: Body composition is known to be associated with many diseases including diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we developed a fully automatic body tissue decomposition procedure to segment three major…
Type 1 diabetes is a serious disease in which individuals are unable to regulate their blood glucose levels, leading to various medical complications. Artificial pancreas (AP) systems have been developed as a solution for type 1 diabetic…
Physical activity is disrupted in many psychiatric disorders. Advances in everyday technologies (e.g. accelerometers in smart phones) opens exciting possibilities for non-intrusive acquisition of activity data. Successful exploitation of…
Measures of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) are an important indicator of overall health but difficult to measure in-clinic. Automated and accurate human activity recognition (HAR) using wrist-worn accelerometers enables practical and cost…
Common variance estimation methods for weighted average treatment effects (WATEs) in observational studies include nonparametric bootstrap and model-based, closed-form sandwich variance estimation. However, the computational cost of…
The role played by physical activity in slowing down the progression of type-2 diabetes is well recognized. However, except for general clinical guidelines, quantitative real-time estimates of the recommended amount of physical activity,…
Physical activity (PA) is significantly associated with many health outcomes. The wide usage of wearable accelerometer-based activity trackers in recent years has provided a unique opportunity for in-depth research on PA and its relations…
Gait velocity has been consistently shown to be an important indicator and predictor of health status, especially in older adults. It is often assessed clinically, but the assessments occur infrequently and do not allow optimal detection of…
Tracking body fat percentage is essential for effective weight management, yet gold-standard methods such as DEXA scans remain expensive and inaccessible for most people. This study evaluates the feasibility of artificial intelligence (AI)…
Low physical activity is a known risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), but changes in activity before a first clinical diagnosis remain unclear, especially using long-term objective measurements. This study characterized…