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The recent detection of high energy gamma-rays coming from supernova remnants and active galactic nuclei has revived interest in the diffusive shock acceleration of electrons. In the present paper we examine the basis of the so-called…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Luke O'C Drury , Peter Duffy , David Eichler , Apostolos Mastichiadis

We show that the Weibel-mediated collisionless shocks are driven at non-relativistic propagation speed (0.1c < V < 0.45c) in unmagnetized electron-ion plasmas by performing two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Tsunehiko N. Kato , Hideaki Takabe

The outflows from gamma ray bursts, active galactic nuclei and relativistic jets in general interact with the surrounding media through collisionless shocks. With three dimensional relativistic particle-in-cell simulations we investigate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 C. B. Hededal , T. Haugboelle , J. T. Frederiksen , Å. Nordlund

A new type of proton acceleration stemming from large-scale gradients, low-density targets, irradiated by an intense near-infrared laser is observed. The produced protons are characterized by high-energies (with a broad spectrum), are…

We explore the shock acceleration model for giant radio relics, in which relativistic electrons are accelerated via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by merger-driven shocks in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. In addition to DSA,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-06 Hyesung Kang

Radiative damping in plasma-based electron accelerators is analyzed. The electron dynamics under combined influence of the constant accelerating force and the classical radiation reaction force is studied. It is shown that electron…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 I. Yu. Kostyukov , E. N. Nerush , A. G. Litvak

Thermal electrons have gyroradii many orders of magnitude smaller than the finite width of a shock, thus need to be pre-accelerated before they can cross it and be accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. One region where…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Paul J. Morris , Artem Bohdan , Martin S. Weidl , Michelle Tsirou , Karol Fulat , Martin Pohl

A two-dimensional (2D) shock-rest-frame model for particle simulations is developed. Then full kinetic dynamics of a perpendicular collisionless shock is examined by means of a 2D full particle simulation. We found that in the 2D simulation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Takayuki Umeda , Masahiro Yamao , Ryo Yamazaki

Collisionless shock acceleration, which transfers localized particle energies to non-thermal energetic particles via electromagnetic potential, is ubiquitous in space plasma. We investigate dynamics of collisionless electrostatic shocks…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Minh Nhat Ly , Takayoshi Sano , Youichi Sakawa , Yasuhiko Sentoku

Collisionless shocks tend to send charged particles into the upstream, driving electric currents through the plasma. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate how the background thermal plasma neutralizes such currents in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-22 Siddhartha Gupta , Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

We present here a semi-analytical solution of the problem of particle acceleration at non-linear shock waves with a free escape boundary at some location upstream. This solution, besides allowing us to determine the spectrum of particles…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 D. Caprioli , E. Amato , P. Blasi

We develop a self-consistent nonlinear extension of diffusive shock acceleration that incorporates cosmic ray (CR) backreaction on the shock precursor together with a physically motivated upstream-escape mechanism that produces an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-17 Han-Xiang Hu , Xing-Jian Lv , Xiao-Jun Bi , Tian-Lu Chen , Kun Fang , Peng-Fei Yin

An extreme case of electron shock drift acceleration in low Mach number collisionless shocks is investigated as a plausible mechanism of initial acceleration of relativistic electrons in large-scale shocks in galaxy clusters where upstream…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Shuichi Matsukiyo , Yutaka Ohira , Ryo Yamazaki , Takayuki Umeda

Dispersive shock waves (DSWs) are expanding nonlinear wave trains that arise when dispersion regularizes a steepening front, a phenomenon observed in fluids, plasmas, optics, and superfluids. Here we report the first experimental…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 H. McCright , I. G. Abel , I. Haber , P. G. O'Shea , B. L. Beaudoin

The problem of accelerating cosmic rays is one of fundamental importance, particularly given the uncertainty in the conditions inside the acceleration sites. Here we examine Diffusive Shock Acceleration in arbitrary turbulent magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-06 John Daniel Riordan , Asaf Pe'er

We explore the physics of shock evolution and particle acceleration in non-relativistic collisionless shocks using multidimensional hybrid simulations. We analyze a wide range of physical parameters relevant to the acceleration of cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 L. Gargaté , A. Spitkovsky

We analytically study diffusive particle acceleration in relativistic, collisionless shocks. We find a simple relation between the spectral index s and the anisotropy of the momentum distribution along the shock front. Based on this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Uri Keshet , Eli Waxman

The observed energy spectra of accelerated particles at interplanetary shocks often do not match the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) theory predictions. In some cases, the particle flux forms a plateau over a wide range of energies,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-29 Mikhail Malkov , Joe Giacalone , Fan Guo

Direct comparisons of diffusive particle acceleration numerical simulations have been made against Monte Carlo and hybrid plasma simulations by Ellison {\it et. al.} (1993) and against observations at the earth's bow shock presented by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Hyesung Kang , T. W. Jones

Numerical models of collisionless shocks robustly predict an electron distribution comprised of both thermal and non-thermal electrons. Here, we explore in detail the effect of thermal electrons on the emergent synchrotron emission from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-22 Ben Margalit , Eliot Quataert