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Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ sequential steps for $n$ tokens, fundamentally limiting inference throughput. Recent diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs) enable parallel token generation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wenrui Bao , Zhiben Chen , Dan Xu , Yuzhang Shang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) excel at multimodal tasks but are prone to misinterpreting visual inputs, often resulting in hallucinations and unreliable outputs. We present DROPOUT DECODING, a novel inference-time approach that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yixiong Fang , Ziran Yang , Zhaorun Chen , Zhuokai Zhao , Jiawei Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative recommendation has achieved notable success, yet its practical deployment is costly particularly due to excessive inference latency caused by autoregressive decoding. For lossless LLM decoding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyu Lin , Chaoqun Yang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Cunxiao Du , Fuli Feng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential for intelligent mobile services but are computationally intensive for resource-constrained devices. Mobile edge computing (MEC) allows such devices to offload inference tasks to edge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Yumin Kim , Hyeonsu Lyu , Minjae Lee , Hyun Jong Yang

The integration of dynamic, sparse structures like Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) with parameter-efficient adapters (e.g., LoRA) is a powerful technique for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs). However, this architectural enhancement comes at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qiyang Li , Rui Kong , Yuchen Li , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Dawei Yin

Code generation has been greatly enhanced by the profound advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) recently. Nevertheless, such LLM-based code generation approaches still struggle to generate error-free code in a few tries when faced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhi-Cun Lyu , Xin-Ye Li , Zheng Xie , Ming Li

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in language tasks but face two significant bottlenecks: (1) quadratic complexity in the attention module as the number of tokens increases, and (2) limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Haoran You , Yichao Fu , Zheng Wang , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

Breaking down a problem into intermediate steps has demonstrated impressive performance in Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, the growth of the reasoning chain introduces uncertainty and error accumulation, making it challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yuxi Xie , Kenji Kawaguchi , Yiran Zhao , Xu Zhao , Min-Yen Kan , Junxian He , Qizhe Xie

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a strong alternative to autoregressive models by enabling parallel text generation. To improve inference efficiency and KV-cache compatibility, prior work commonly adopts block-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yingte Shu , Yuchuan Tian , Chao Xu , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen

Decoding strategies manipulate the probability distribution underlying the output of a language model and can therefore affect both generation quality and its uncertainty. In this study, we investigate the impact of decoding strategies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wataru Hashimoto , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Learning with guidance has proven effective across a wide range of machine learning systems. Guidance may, for example, come from annotated datasets in supervised learning, pseudo-labels in semi-supervised learning, and expert demonstration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Rui Liu , Peng Gao , Yu Shen , Ming Lin , Pratap Tokekar

The capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow complex instructions and generate factually accurate text is critical for their real-world application. However, standard decoding methods often fail to robustly satisfy these…

We present a practical framework for detecting errors in LLM-generated SQL by estimating uncertainty at the level of individual nodes in the query's abstract syntax tree (AST). Our approach proceeds in two stages. First, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hilaf Hasson , Ruocheng Guo

Despite recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation, the quality of LLM-generated code still faces significant challenges. One significant issue is code repetition, which refers to the model's tendency to generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Mingwei Liu , Juntao Li , Ying Wang , Xueying Du , Zuoyu Ou , Qiuyuan Chen , Bingxu An , Zhao Wei , Yong Xu , Fangming Zou , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Large language models (LLMs) can suffer from hallucinations when generating text. These hallucinations impede various applications in society and industry by making LLMs untrustworthy. Current LLMs generate text in an autoregressive fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter

Autoregressive (AR) generation is the standard decoding paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs), but its token-by-token nature limits parallelism at inference time. Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) offer parallel decoding by recovering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aiwei Liu , Minghua He , Shaoxun Zeng , Sijun Zhang , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Wei Jia , Yuan Liu , Xiao Zhou , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Designing heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) is a fundamental yet challenging task that traditionally requires extensive domain expertise. Recently, Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automated Heuristic Design (AHD)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bin Chen , Shouliang Zhu , Beidan Liu , Yong Zhao , Tianle Pu , Huichun Li , Zhengqiu Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in instruction following and general-purpose reasoning. However, achieving high-quality alignment with human intent and safety norms without human annotations remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Haoran Sun , Zekun Zhang , Shaoning Zeng

LLMs demonstrate surface-level fluency in code generation but struggle with structured reasoning tasks requiring correctness and semantic alignment. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances reasoning through intermediate steps, it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xunzhu Tang , Iyiola Emmanuel Olatunji , Tiezhu Sun , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande