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Rule-based reasoning over natural language input arises in domains where decisions must be auditable and justifiable: clinical protocols specify eligibility criteria in prose, evidence rules define admissibility through textual conditions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automated software engineering, yet their guarantee of correctness is frequently undermined by erroneous or hallucinated code. To enforce model honesty, formal verification requires LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Md Erfan , Md Kamal Hossain Chowdhury , Ahmed Ryan , Md Rayhanur Rahman

In this paper, we review legal testing methods based on Large Language Models (LLMs), using the OPENAI o1 model as a case study to evaluate the performance of large models in applying legal provisions. We compare current state-of-the-art…

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Regulatory documents encode legally binding obligations that LLM-based systems must respect. Yet converting dense, hierarchically structured legal text into machine-readable rules remains a costly, expert-intensive process. We present De…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Keerat Guliani , Deepkamal Gill , David Landsman , Nima Eshraghi , Krishna Kumar , Lovedeep Gondara

The processing of legal texts has been developing as an emerging field in natural language processing (NLP). Legal texts contain unique jargon and complex linguistic attributes in vocabulary, semantics, syntax, and morphology. Therefore,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Mert Cemri , Tolga Çukur , Aykut Koç

We introduce a simple approach that uses a large language model (LLM) to automatically implement a fully interpretable rule-based data-to-text system in pure Python. Experimental evaluation on the WebNLG dataset showed that such a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jędrzej Warczyński , Mateusz Lango , Ondrej Dusek

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

This paper presents a focused literature survey on the use of large language models (LLM) to assist in writing formal specifications for software. A summary of thirty-five key papers is presented, including examples for specifying programs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly large language models (LLMs), have motivated the automatic translation of natural language statements into formal logic without human intervention. This enables automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Muyu Pan , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

The anticipated positive social impact of regulatory processes requires both the accuracy and efficiency of their application. Modern artificial intelligence technologies, including natural language processing and machine-assisted…

Autoformalization plays a crucial role in formal mathematical reasoning by enabling the automatic translation of natural language statements into formal languages. While recent advances using large language models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

The recent proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has opened up new frontiers in computational law. An exciting area of development is the use of AI to automate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Rohan Padhye

Autoformalization has emerged as a term referring to the automation of formalization - specifically, the formalization of mathematics using interactive theorem provers (proof assistants). Its rapid development has been driven by progress in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Agnieszka Mensfelt , David Tena Cucala , Santiago Franco , Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki , Vince Trencsenyi , Kostas Stathis

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but they exhibit problems with logical consistency in the output they generate. How can we harness LLMs' broad-coverage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Bradley P. Allen , Prateek Chhikara , Thomas Macaulay Ferguson , Filip Ilievski , Paul Groth

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various evaluation benchmarks. However, concerns are raised about potential data contamination in their considerable volume of training corpus. Moreover, the static nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Kaijie Zhu , Jiaao Chen , Jindong Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Diyi Yang , Xing Xie

Differentiable logics (DL) have recently been proposed as a method of training neural networks to satisfy logical specifications. A DL consists of a syntax in which specifications are stated and an interpretation function that translates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Natalia Ślusarz , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Matthew L. Daggitt , Robert Stewart , Kathrin Stark

Recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have stimulated growing interest in automating or assisting Business Process Modeling tasks using natural language. Several approaches have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 João Bettencourt , Sérgio Guerreiro

The landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) shifts rapidly towards dynamic, multi-agent systems. This introduces a fundamental challenge in establishing computational trust, specifically how one agent can verify that another's output was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zan-Kai Chong , Hiroyuki Ohsaki , Bryan Ng
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