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Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in medicine, with strong capabilities in language understanding, reasoning, and structured information extraction. Radiation oncology is particularly well suited for LLM…

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven considerable interest in fine-tuning them with domain-specific data to create specialized language models. Nevertheless, such domain-specific fine-tuning data often contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yijia Xiao , Yiqiao Jin , Yushi Bai , Yue Wu , Xianjun Yang , Xiao Luo , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Haifeng Chen , Wei Wang , Wei Cheng

In modern energy systems, industrial control systems (ICS) and power-system SCADA require intrusion detection that is not only accurate but also auditable by operators. The ICS intrusion-detection landscape is currently dominated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Weiyi Kong , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Model adaptation is crucial to handle the discrepancy between proxy training data and actual users data received. To effectively perform adaptation, textual data of users is typically stored on servers or their local devices, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Arpita Vats , Zhe Liu , Peng Su , Debjyoti Paul , Yingyi Ma , Yutong Pang , Zeeshan Ahmed , Ozlem Kalinli

Information security is facing increasingly severe challenges, and traditional protection means are difficult to cope with complex and changing threats. In recent years, as an emerging intelligent technology, large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chang Gong , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

How to best use Large Language Models (LLMs) for software engineering is covered in many publications in recent years. However, most of this work focuses on widely-used general purpose programming languages. The utility of LLMs for software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Salim Fares , Steffen Herbold

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding and generating natural language. However, their capabilities wane in highly specialized domains underrepresented in the pretraining corpus, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Junhong Shen , Neil Tenenholtz , James Brian Hall , David Alvarez-Melis , Nicolo Fusi

Text prediction models, when used in applications like email clients or word processors, must protect user data privacy and adhere to model size constraints. These constraints are crucial to meet memory and inference time requirements, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Da Yu , Sivakanth Gopi , Janardhan Kulkarni , Zinan Lin , Saurabh Naik , Tomasz Lukasz Religa , Jian Yin , Huishuai Zhang

Human-robot collaboration in industrial settings requires precise and reliable communication to enhance operational efficiency. While Large Language Models (LLMs) understand general language, they often lack the domain-specific rigidity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xinyun Huo , Raghav Gnanasambandam , Xinyao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in supporting a wide range of knowledge-intensive tasks. In specialized domains, there is growing interest in leveraging LLMs to assist subject matter experts with domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Aman Kumar , Ekant Muljibhai Amin , Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed K. Farahat , Dipanjan D. Ghosh , Yuta Koreeda , Chetan Gupta

Preservation of domain knowledge from the source to target is crucial in any translation workflow. It is common in the translation industry to receive highly specialized projects, where there is hardly any parallel in-domain data. In such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

Large Language Models (LLMs) are undergoing a period of rapid updates and changes, with state-of-the-art (SOTA) model frequently being replaced. When applying LLMs to a specific scientific field, it's challenging to acquire unique domain…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-15 Zhengde Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Haodong Yao , Jianwen Luo , Rui Zhao , Bo Huang , Jiameng Zhao , Yipu Liao , Ke Li , Lina Zhao , Jun Cao , Fazhi Qi , Changzheng Yuan

Although n-gram language models (LMs) have been outperformed by the state-of-the-art neural LMs, they are still widely used in speech recognition due to its high efficiency in inference. In this paper, we demonstrate that n-gram LM can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yiren Wang , Hongzhao Huang , Zhe Liu , Yutong Pang , Yongqiang Wang , ChengXiang Zhai , Fuchun Peng

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) which are trained on large text corpus via self-supervised learning method, have yielded promising performance on various tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, though PLMs with huge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Linmei Hu , Zeyi Liu , Ziwang Zhao , Lei Hou , Liqiang Nie , Juanzi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly risen to prominence due to their ability to perform at or close to the state-of-the-art in a variety of fields while handling natural language. An important field of research is the application of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gabriel de Jesus Coelho da Silva , Carlos Becker Westphall

Large Language Models (LLMs) are continuously being applied in a more diverse set of contexts. At their current state, however, even state-of-the-art LLMs such as Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GTP-4) have challenges when extracting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Felipe A. Rodriguez Y.

There are many cases where LLMs are used for specific tasks in a single domain. These usually require less general, but more domain-specific knowledge. Highly capable, general-purpose state-of-the-art language models like GPT-4 or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tobias Kerner

Large Language Models (LLMs) as chatbots have drawn remarkable attention thanks to their versatile capability in natural language processing as well as in a wide range of tasks. While there has been great enthusiasm towards adopting such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-24 Subir Majumder , Lin Dong , Fatemeh Doudi , Yuting Cai , Chao Tian , Dileep Kalathi , Kevin Ding , Anupam A. Thatte , Na Li , Le Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) are the cornerstone in automating Requirements Engineering (RE) tasks, underpinning recent advancements in the field. Their pre-trained comprehension of natural language is pivotal for effectively tailoring them…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Andreas Vogelsang , Jannik Fischbach