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The rapid deployment of large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has positioned direct-to-handset (D2H) communications as a key enabler of future non-terrestrial networks. However, the limited link budget of handheld…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Hyunwoo Lee , Incheol Hwang , Daesik Hong

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) has recently defined two frequency bands for direct access with satellites, which is a concrete step toward realizing the anticipated space-air-ground integrated networks. In addition, given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zaid Abdullah , Eva Lagunas , Steven Kisseleff , Frank Zeppenfeldt , Symeon Chatzinotas

This paper aims to develop satellite-user association and resource allocation mechanisms to minimize the total transmit power for integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks wherein a constellation of LEO satellites provides the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-06 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks is a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure, as also demonstrated by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-22 A. Guidotti , A. Vanelli-Coralli , T. Foggi , G. Colavolpe , M. Caus , J. Bas , S. Cioni , A. Modenini

We investigate key aspects of coherent optical communications on inter-satellite links (ISLs) for the next-generation ultra-dense low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellations. Initially, the suitability of QPSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation formats…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 I. P. Vieira , T. C. Pita , D. A. A. Mello

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites offer a promising alternative to global navigation satellite systems for precise positioning; however, their relatively low altitudes make them more susceptible to orbital perturbations, which in turn…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jie Ma , Pinjun Zheng , Xing Liu , Yuchen Zhang , Ali A. Nasir , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

As a key complement to terrestrial networks and a fundamental component of future 6G systems, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are expected to provide high-quality communication services when integrated with ground-based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zixuan Song , Zhishu Shen , Xiaoyu Zheng , Qiushi Zheng , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin

In this article, we address the prospects and key enabling technologies for highly efficient and accurate device positioning and tracking in 5G radio access networks. Building on the premises of ultra-dense networks as well as on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Mike Koivisto , Mário Costa , Janis Werner , Kari Heiska , Jukka Talvitie , Kari Leppänen , Visa Koivunen , Mikko Valkama

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been regarded as promising remedies to support global ubiquitous wireless services. Due to the rapid mobility of LEO satellite, inter-beam/satellite handovers happen…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

We have used an existing, robotic, multi-lens, all-sky camera system, coupled to a dedicated data reduction pipeline, to automatically determine orbital parameters of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Each of the fixed cameras has a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-20 T. P. G. Wijnen , R. Stuik , M. Rodenhuis , M. Langbroek , P. Wijnja

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and satellite direct-to-device (D2D) technology are at the heart of the next-generation global connectivity which promises direct access to space-based broadband services for unmodified 3GPP-compliant…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Adnan Aijaz , Peizheng Li , Sajida Gufran

This article investigates the transmission delay of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in a bent pipe structure. By employing a stochastic geometry framework, satellites are modeled as spherical binomial point processes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Sixi Cheng , Xiang Ling

The integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) into 5G new radio (NR) has opened up the possibility of developing a new positioning infrastructure using NR signals from Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Compared to existing Global…

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite internet of things (IoT) is a promising way achieving global Internet of Everything, and thus has been widely recognized as an important component of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. Yet, due to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Wolfgang Gerstacker

Unlike in terrestrial cellular networks, certain frequency bands for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have thus far been allocated on a non-exclusive basis. In this context, systems that launch their satellites earlier (referred to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jeong Min Kong , Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-assisted communications have been considered as one of key elements in beyond 5G systems to provide wide coverage and cost-efficient data services. Such dynamic space-terrestrial topologies impose exponential…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Yaxiong Yuan , Lei lei , Thang X. Vu , Zheng Chang , Symeon Chatzinotas , Sumei Sun

We examine the problem of time delay estimation, or temporal calibration, in the context of multisensor data fusion. Differences in processing intervals and other factors typically lead to a relative delay between measurement updates from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Jonathan Kelly , Christopher Grebe , Matthew Giamou

6G networks aim to enable applications like autonomous driving by providing complementary localization services through key technologies such as non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and reconfigurable…

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite has been considered as a potential supplement for the terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we consider grant-free non-orthogonal random access (GF-NORA) in orthogonal frequency division…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Yong Zuo , Mingyang Yue , Mingchen Zhang , Sixian Li , Shaojie Ni , Xiaojun Yuan

Positioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) typically requires several seconds of continuous signal reception from satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). This requirement poses challenges for applications where receivers…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Soham Desai , Dave Cade