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Network traffic classification, which has numerous applications from security to billing and network provisioning, has become a cornerstone of today's computer networks. Previous studies have developed traffic classification techniques…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

Network Traffic Classification (NTC) has become an important feature in various network management operations, e.g., Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning and security services. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms as a popular approach for NTC…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Amin Shahraki , Mahmoud Abbasi , Amir Taherkordi , Anca Delia Jurcut

Network traffic data is huge, varying and imbalanced because various classes are not equally distributed. Machine learning (ML) algorithms for traffic analysis uses the samples from this data to recommend the actions to be taken by the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-13 Raman Singh , Harish Kumar , R. K. Singla

Multi-task learning improves generalization performance by sharing knowledge among related tasks. Existing models are for task combinations annotated on the same dataset, while there are cases where multiple datasets are available for each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Seiichiro Fukuda , Ryota Yoshihashi , Rei Kawakami , Shaodi You , Makoto Iida , Takeshi Naemura

Network traffic classification, a task to classify network traffic and identify its type, is the most fundamental step to improve network services and manage modern networks. Classical machine learning and deep learning method have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yao Peng , Meirong He , Yu Wang

Network traffic classification that is widely applicable and highly accurate is valuable for many network security and management tasks. A flexible and easily configurable classification framework is ideal, as it can be customized for use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiahui Chen , Joe Breen , Jeff M. Phillips , Jacobus Van der Merwe

Network traffic classification (NTC) models often suffer severe performance degradation when deployed in real-world environments due to distribution shifts caused by changing network conditions. Existing robustness-enhancing approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tongze Wang , Xiaohui Xie , Wenduo Wang , Chuyi Wang , Yong Cui

Machine learning (ML) started to become widely deployed in cyber security settings for shortening the detection cycle of cyber attacks. To date, most ML-based systems are either proprietary or make specific choices of feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Talha Ongun , Timothy Sakharaov , Simona Boboila , Alina Oprea , Tina Eliassi-Rad

The adoption of modern encryption protocols such as TLS 1.3 has significantly challenged traditional network traffic classification (NTC) methods. As a consequence, researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) approaches to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Nimesha Wickramasinghe , Arash Shaghaghi , Gene Tsudik , Sanjay Jha

Network intrusion detection is critical for securing modern networks, yet the complexity of network traffic poses significant challenges to traditional methods. This study proposes a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN) model featuring a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Rukmini Nazre , Rujuta Budke , Omkar Oak , Suraj Sawant , Amit Joshi

Accurate and efficient network traffic classification is important for many network management tasks, from traffic prioritization to anomaly detection. Although classifiers using pre-computed flow statistics (e.g., packet sizes,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Xi Jiang , Shinan Liu , Saloua Naama , Francesco Bronzino , Paul Schmitt , Nick Feamster

Traffic classification associates packet streams with known application labels, which is vital for network security and network management. With the rise of NAT, port dynamics, and encrypted traffic, it is increasingly challenging to obtain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Bo Pang , Yongquan Fu , Siyuan Ren , Ye Wang , Qing Liao , Yan Jia

Foundation models have shown great promise in various fields of study. A potential application of such models is in computer network traffic analysis, where these models can grasp the complexities of network traffic dynamics and adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Louis Van Langendonck , Ismael Castell-Uroz , Pere Barlet-Ros

Efficient prediction of internet traffic is an essential part of Self Organizing Network (SON) for ensuring proactive management. There are many existing solutions for internet traffic prediction with higher accuracy using deep learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Sajal Saha , Anwar Haque , Greg Sidebottom

The plethora of Internet of Things (IoT) devices leads to explosive network traffic. The network traffic classification (NTC) is an essential tool to explore behaviours of network flows, and NTC is required for Internet service providers…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yoga Suhas Kuruba Manjunath , Sihao Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Data classification techniques partition the data or feature space into smaller sub-spaces, each corresponding to a specific class. To classify into subspaces, physical features e.g., distance and distributions are utilized. This approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Josimar Chire , Khalid Mahmood , Zhao Liang

The popularity of Deep Learning (DL), coupled with network traffic visibility reduction due to the increased adoption of HTTPS, QUIC and DNS-SEC, re-ignited interest towards Traffic Classification (TC). However, to tame the dependency from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Idio Guarino , Chao Wang , Alessandro Finamore , Antonio Pescape , Dario Rossi

Inspired by the success of Transformer-based models in natural language processing, this paper investigates their potential as foundation models for network traffic analysis. We propose a unified pre-training and fine-tuning pipeline for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Samara Mayhoub , Chuan Heng Foh , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Rahim Tafazolli

We perform an empirical study of the behaviour of deep networks when fully linearizing some of its feature channels through a sparsity prior on the overall number of nonlinear units in the network. In experiments on image classification and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Christian H. X. Ali Mehmeti-Göpel , Jan Disselhoff

Class-of-service (CoS) network traffic classification (NTC) classifies a group of similar traffic applications. The CoS classification is advantageous in resource scheduling for Internet service providers and avoids the necessity of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-04 Yoga Suhas Kuruba Manjunath , Sihao Zhao , Hatem Abou-zeid , Akram Bin Sediq , Ramy Atawia , Xiao-Ping Zhang
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