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High-dimensional token embeddings underpin Large Language Models (LLMs), as they can capture subtle semantic information and significantly enhance the modelling of complex language patterns. However, this high dimensionality also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mingxue Xu , Yao Lei Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to excessive visual tokens, particularly in high-resolution and video-based scenarios. Existing token reduction methods typically focus on isolated pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hanxun Yu , Wentong Li , Xuan Qu , Song Wang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Multimodal product retrieval (MPR) underpins checkout-free retail and automated inventory systems, yet it demands fine-grained SKU discrimination that standard vision-language benchmarks fail to capture. We present the first systematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Emmanuel G. Maminta , Rowel O. Atienza

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but demand massive GPU resources for training. Lowering the threshold for LLMs training would encourage greater participation from researchers, benefiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Yuqing Yang , Tengxiao Liu , Qinghui Gao , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Pruning assumes a subnetwork exists in the original deep neural network, which can achieve comparative model performance with less computation than the original. However, it is unclear how the model performance varies with the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Mingxue Xu , Lisa Alazraki , Danilo P. Mandic

Large language models (LLMs) have seen substantial growth, necessitating efficient model pruning techniques. Existing post-training pruning methods primarily measure weight importance in converged dense models, often overlooking changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yupeng Su , Ziyi Guan , Xiaoqun Liu , Tianlai Jin , Dongkuan Wu , Zhengfei Chen , Graziano Chesi , Ngai Wong , Hao Yu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable versatility in understanding diverse multimodal data and tasks. However, these capabilities come with an increased model scale. While post-training pruning reduces model size in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jaewoo Lee , Keyang Xuan , Chanakya Ekbote , Sandeep Polisetty , Yi R. Fung , Paul Pu Liang

State-of-the-art language models are becoming increasingly large in an effort to achieve the highest performance on large corpora of available textual data. However, the sheer size of the Transformer architectures makes it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yuki M. Asano , Tijmen Blankevoort

Structural coloration is commonly modeled using wave optics for reliable and photorealistic rendering of natural, quasi-periodic and complex nanostructures. Such models often rely on dense, preliminary or preprocessed data to accurately…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Narayan Kandel , Daljit Singh J. S. Dhillon

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as the backbone of many segmentation models, consistently achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. However, their success comes at a significant computational cost. Image token pruning is one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Hanning Chen , Yang Ni , Wenjun Huang , Yezi Liu , SungHeon Jeong , Fei Wen , Nathaniel Bastian , Hugo Latapie , Mohsen Imani

Large language models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. % While pruning offers a promising compression solution, existing methods suffer from two critical limitations: (1) They neglect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Lang Xiong , Ning Liu , Ao Ren , Yuheng Bai , Haining Fang , BinYan Zhang , Zhe Jiang , Yujuan Tan , Duo Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet they encounter significant computational bottlenecks due to the massive volume of visual tokens. Consequently, visual token pruning, which substantially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yifan Tan , Yifu Sun , Shirui Huang , Hong Liu , Guanghua Yu , Jianchen Zhu , Yangdong Deng

LLM-based recommender systems have made significant progress; however, the deployment cost associated with the large parameter volume of LLMs still hinders their real-world applications. This work explores parameter pruning to improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shanle Zheng , Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

Few-shot gradient methods have been extensively utilized in existing model pruning methods, where the model weights are regarded as static values and the effects of potential weight perturbations are not considered. However, the widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zixiao Wang , Jingwei Zhang , Wenqian Zhao , Farzan Farnia , Bei Yu

Dense prediction is a fundamental requirement for many medical vision tasks such as medical image restoration, registration, and segmentation. The most popular vision model, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has reached bottlenecks due…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Mingyuan Meng , Yuxin Xue , Dagan Feng , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur substantial inference costs due to the processing of a vast number of visual tokens. Existing methods typically struggle to model progressive visual token reduction as a multi-step decision process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sihan Cao , Jianwei Zhang , Pengcheng Zheng , Jiaxin Yan , Caiyan Qin , Yalan Ye , Wei Dong , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated impressive capability in visual tasks, but their fine-tuning often suffers from bias in class-imbalanced scene. Recent works have introduced large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yongju Jia , Jiarui Ma , Xiangxian Li , Baiqiao Zhang , Xianhui Cao , Juan Liu , Yulong Bian

Recent MLLMs have shown emerging visual understanding and reasoning abilities after being pre-trained on large-scale multimodal datasets. Unlike pre-training, where MLLMs receive rich visual-text alignment, instruction-tuning is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Junda Wu , Yuxin Xiong , Xintong Li , Yu Xia , Ruoyu Wang , Yu Wang , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Lina Yao , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

Large language models(LLMs) containing tens of billions of parameters (or even more) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, substantial model size poses challenges to training, inference, and deployment so…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yupeng Ji , Yibo Cao , Jiucai Liu

Recently, visual token pruning has been studied to handle the vast number of visual tokens in Multimodal Large Language Models. However, we observe that while existing pruning methods perform reliably on simple visual understanding, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiwan Kim , Kibum Kim , Wonjoong Kim , Byung-Kwan Lee , Chanyoung Park