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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are prone to generating inaccurate or hallucinatory responses. This limitation stems from their reliance on vast pretraining datasets, making them susceptible to errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chi-Min Chan , Chunpu Xu , Ruibin Yuan , Hongyin Luo , Wei Xue , Yike Guo , Jie Fu

Providing external knowledge to Large Language Models (LLMs) is a key point for using these models in real-world applications for several reasons, such as incorporating up-to-date content in a real-time manner, providing access to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Simon Akesson , Frances A. Santos

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) substantially extends the knowledge boundary of large language models. However, it still faces two major challenges when handling complex reasoning tasks: low context utilization and frequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shijia Xu , Zhou Wu , Xiaolong Jia , Yu Wang , Kai Liu , April Xiaowen Dong

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Long-context large language models (LLMs) hold promise for tasks such as question-answering (QA) over long documents, but they tend to miss important information in the middle of context documents (arXiv:2307.03172v3). Here, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Devanshu Agrawal , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek

This paper introduces a new hyper-parameter for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems called Context Window Utilization. RAG systems enhance generative models by incorporating relevant information retrieved from external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kush Juvekar , Anupam Purwar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external documents at inference time, enabling up-to-date knowledge access without costly retraining. However, conventional RAG methods retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ting-Wen Ko , Jyun-Yu Jiang , Pu-Jen Cheng

Long Context Language Models (LCLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm to perform Information Retrieval (IR), which enables the direct ingestion and retrieval of information by processing an entire corpus in their single context, showcasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Minju Seo , Jinheon Baek , Seongyun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for knowledge-intensive tasks, yet its effectiveness in long-context scenarios is often bottlenecked by the retriever's inability to distinguish sparse yet crucial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hang Ding , Jiawei Zhou , Haiyun Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise as rerankers, especially in ``listwise'' settings where an LLM is prompted to rerank several search results at once. However, this ``cascading'' retrieve-and-rerank approach is limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Mandeep Rathee , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Processing long contexts presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). While recent advancements allow LLMs to handle much longer contexts than before (e.g., 32K or 128K tokens), it is computationally expensive and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Kelong Mao , Defu Lian , Zhicheng Dou , Tiejun Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown great advances in a variety of tasks, including natural language understanding and generation. However, their use in high-stakes decision-making scenarios is still limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiefeng Chen , Jinsung Yoon , Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O Arik , Tomas Pfister , Somesh Jha

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, they still face persistent challenges in retrieval inefficiency and the inability of LLMs to filter out irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Yuhua Liu , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge during generation. However, the effectiveness of RAG depends not only on the design of the retriever and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Qigan Sun , Zhenzhen Huang , Chang Lu , Sheng Zheng , Zeyu Ma , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang
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