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Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved text embeddings for a growing array of natural-language processing tasks. However, their opaqueness and proliferation into scientific domains such as neuroscience have created a growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Vinamra Benara , Chandan Singh , John X. Morris , Richard Antonello , Ion Stoica , Alexander G. Huth , Jianfeng Gao

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping modern healthcare by advancing disease diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and biomedical research. Among AI technologies, large language models (LLMs) have become especially impactful, enabling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhengda Wang , Daqian Shi , Jingyi Zhao , Xiaolei Diao , Xiongfeng Tang , Yanguo Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are versatile, yet they often falter in tasks requiring deep and reliable reasoning due to issues like hallucinations, limiting their applicability in critical scenarios. This paper introduces a rigorously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Saizhuo Wang , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Jian Guo

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

This survey paper delves into the emerging and critical area of symbolic knowledge distillation in Large Language Models (LLMs). As LLMs like Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3 (GPT-3) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kamal Acharya , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Herbert Song

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), or Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have shown impressive capabilities in a wide range of visual tasks. However, they often struggle with fine-grained visual reasoning, failing to identify domain-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yucheng Shi , Quanzheng Li , Jin Sun , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often criticized for lacking true "understanding" and the ability to "reason" with their knowledge, being seen merely as autocomplete systems. We believe that this assessment might be missing a nuanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Venkat Venkatasubramanian

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising approach to enhancing Explainable AI (XAI) by transforming complex machine learning outputs into easy-to-understand narratives, making model predictions more accessible to users, and helping…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ahsan Bilal , David Ebert , Beiyu Lin

Problem-solving has been a fundamental driver of human progress in numerous domains. With advancements in artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of tackling complex problems across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Zheng , Lun Du , Junwei Su , Yuchen Tian , Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Lanning Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision. Although these models allow for integrated visual and language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yugen Sato , Tomohiro Takagi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have been driven by pretraining, supervised fine tuning (SFT), and alignment tuning. Among these, SFT plays a crucial role in transforming a model 's general knowledge into structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sihyun Park

Interpretable machine learning has exploded as an area of interest over the last decade, sparked by the rise of increasingly large datasets and deep neural networks. Simultaneously, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Chandan Singh , Jeevana Priya Inala , Michel Galley , Rich Caruana , Jianfeng Gao

With the burgeoning growth of online video platforms and the escalating volume of video content, the demand for proficient video understanding tools has intensified markedly. Given the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs)…

The large-scale development of large language models (LLMs) in medical contexts, such as diagnostic assistance and treatment recommendations, necessitates that these models possess accurate medical knowledge and deliver traceable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qiyuan Li , Haijiang Liu , Caicai Guo , Chao Gao , Deyu Chen , Meng Wang , Feng Gao , Frank van Harmelen , Jinguang Gu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multimodal tasks, but their performance is often constrained by the lack of external knowledge integration, limiting their ability to handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Julian Perry , Surasakdi Siripong , Thanakorn Phonchai

Large Language Models (LLMs), characterized by being trained on broad amounts of data in a self-supervised manner, have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. Indeed, their generative abilities have aroused interest on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo

Decoding visual-semantic information from brain signals, such as functional MRI (fMRI), across different subjects poses significant challenges, including low signal-to-noise ratio, limited data availability, and cross-subject variability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ruizhe Zheng , Lichao Sun

The number of published scholarly articles is growing at a significant rate, making scholarly knowledge organization increasingly important. Various approaches have been proposed to organize scholarly information, including describing…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Allard Oelen , Sören Auer

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit superior performance on various natural language tasks, but they are susceptible to issues stemming from outdated data and domain-specific limitations. In order to address these challenges, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zhangyin Feng , Weitao Ma , Weijiang Yu , Lei Huang , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Weihua Peng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting liu

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu