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Over the past decade, stochastic algorithms have emerged as scalable and efficient tools for solving large-scale ill-posed inverse problems by randomly selecting subsets of equations at each iteration. However, due to the ill-posedness and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Harshit Bajpai , Gaurav Mittal , Ankik Kumar Giri

Stochastic gradient descent is a classic algorithm that has gained great popularity especially in the last decades as the most common approach for training models in machine learning. While the algorithm has been well-studied when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Jose Blanchet , Aleksandar Mijatović , Wenhao Yang

We consider stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for least-squares regression with potentially several passes over the data. While several passes have been widely reported to perform practically better in terms of predictive performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Alessandro Rudi , Francis Bach

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a pillar of modern machine learning, serving as the go-to optimization algorithm for a diverse array of problems. While the empirical success of SGD is often attributed to its computational efficiency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Courtney Paquette , Elliot Paquette , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

In this work, we analyze the regularizing property of the stochastic gradient descent for the efficient numerical solution of a class of nonlinear ill-posed inverse problems in Hilbert spaces. At each step of the iteration, the method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-09 Bangti Jin , Zehui Zhou , Jun Zou

The paper studies the solution of stochastic optimization problems in which approximations to the gradient and Hessian are obtained through subsampling. We first consider Newton-like methods that employ these approximations and discuss how…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-28 Raghu Bollapragada , Richard Byrd , Jorge Nocedal

In this paper we analyze the behaviour of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a widely used method in supervised learning for optimizing neural network weights via a minimization of non-convex loss functions. Since the pioneering work of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Davide Barbieri , Matteo Bonforte , Peio Ibarrondo

We propose a variant of the classical conditional gradient method for sparse inverse problems with differentiable measurement models. Such models arise in many practical problems including superresolution, time-series modeling, and matrix…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Nicholas Boyd , Geoffrey Schiebinger , Benjamin Recht

Bayesian computation plays an important role in modern machine learning and statistics to reason about uncertainty. A key computational challenge in Bayesian inference is to develop efficient techniques to approximate, or draw samples from…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Liang Yan , Tao Zhou

The performance of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) depends critically on how learning rates are tuned and decreased over time. We propose a method to automatically adjust multiple learning rates so as to minimize the expected error at any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-19 Tom Schaul , Sixin Zhang , Yann LeCun

Stochastic gradient methods (SGMs) are predominant approaches for solving stochastic optimization. On smooth nonconvex problems, a few acceleration techniques have been applied to improve the convergence rate of SGMs. However, little…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Yangyang Xu , Yibo Xu , Yonggui Yan , Jie Chen

Optimization objectives in the form of a sum of intractable expectations are rising in importance (e.g., diffusion models, variational autoencoders, and many more), a setting also known as "finite sum with infinite data." For these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-13 Kyurae Kim , Joohwan Ko , Yi-An Ma , Jacob R. Gardner

In this paper, we propose a method of distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD), with low communication load and computational complexity, and still fast convergence. To reduce the communication load, at each iteration of the algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Naeimeh Omidvar , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Hamed Mahdavi

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

In this paper we analyze a zeroth-order proximal stochastic gradient method suitable for the minimization of weakly convex stochastic optimization problems. We consider nonsmooth and nonlinear stochastic composite problems, for which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Spyridon Pougkakiotis , Dionysios S. Kalogerias

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of modern machine learning. Sometimes, there are many different potential gradient estimators that can be used. When so, choosing the one with the best tradeoff between cost and variance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

Understanding the behavior of stochastic gradient methods is a central problem in modern machine learning. Recent work has highlighted diagonal linear networks as a simplified yet expressive setting for analyzing the optimization and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Begoña García Malaxechebarría , Courtney Paquette , Maryam Fazel , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

We study a continuous-time approximation of the stochastic gradient descent process for minimizing the population expected loss in learning problems. The main results establish general sufficient conditions for the convergence, extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Gabor Lugosi , Eulalia Nualart

Stochastic gradient descent in continuous time (SGDCT) provides a computationally efficient method for the statistical learning of continuous-time models, which are widely used in science, engineering, and finance. The SGDCT algorithm…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Justin Sirignano , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

The combination of inducing point methods with stochastic variational inference has enabled approximate Gaussian Process (GP) inference on large datasets. Unfortunately, the resulting predictive distributions often exhibit substantially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-29 Martin Jankowiak , Geoff Pleiss , Jacob R. Gardner