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Video tokenizers are essential for latent video diffusion models, converting raw video data into spatiotemporally compressed latent spaces for efficient training. However, extending state-of-the-art video tokenizers to achieve a temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Aniruddha Mahapatra , Long Mai , David Bourgin , Yitian Zhang , Feng Liu

Tokenizer, serving as a translator to map the intricate visual data into a compact latent space, lies at the core of visual generative models. Based on the finding that existing tokenizers are tailored to image or video inputs, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Junke Wang , Yi Jiang , Zehuan Yuan , Binyue Peng , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

Non-autoregressive generative transformers recently demonstrated impressive image generation performance, and orders of magnitude faster sampling than their autoregressive counterparts. However, optimal parallel sampling from the true joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 José Lezama , Huiwen Chang , Lu Jiang , Irfan Essa

Tokenization is a key component of autoregressive (AR) generative models, converting raw data into more manageable units for modeling. Commonly, tokens describe local information, such as regions of pixels in images or word pieces in text,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zhitong Gao , Parham Rezaei , Ali Cy , Mingqiao Ye , Nataša Jovanović , Jesse Allardice , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar

Current vision systems typically assign fixed-length representations to images, regardless of the information content. This contrasts with human intelligence - and even large language models - which allocate varying representational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shivam Duggal , Phillip Isola , Antonio Torralba , William T. Freeman

Efficient image tokenization with high compression ratios remains a critical challenge for training generative models. We present SoftVQ-VAE, a continuous image tokenizer that leverages soft categorical posteriors to aggregate multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hao Chen , Ze Wang , Xiang Li , Ximeng Sun , Fangyi Chen , Jiang Liu , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Although two-stage Vector Quantized (VQ) generative models allow for synthesizing high-fidelity and high-resolution images, their quantization operator encodes similar patches within an image into the same index, resulting in a repeated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Chuanxia Zheng , Long Tung Vuong , Jianfei Cai , Dinh Phung

Visual tokenizers map high-dimensional raw pixels into a compressed representation for downstream modeling. Beyond compression, tokenizers dictate what information is preserved and how it is organized. A de facto standard approach to video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Andrei Atanov , Jesse Allardice , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , R Devon Hjelm , David Griffiths , Peter Fu , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

Effective image tokenization is crucial for both multi-modal understanding and generation tasks due to the necessity of the alignment with discrete text data. To this end, existing approaches utilize vector quantization (VQ) to project…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jiajun Dong , Chengkun Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Lei Chen , Jiwen Lu , Yansong Tang

Image tokenization, the process of transforming raw image pixels into a compact low-dimensional latent representation, has proven crucial for scalable and efficient image generation. However, mainstream image tokenization methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kaiwen Zha , Lijun Yu , Alireza Fathi , David A. Ross , Cordelia Schmid , Dina Katabi , Xiuye Gu

Despite the burst of innovative methods for controlling the diffusion process, effectively controlling image styles in text-to-image generation remains a challenging task. Many adapter-based methods impose image representation conditions on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Wen Li , Muyuan Fang , Cheng Zou , Biao Gong , Ruobing Zheng , Meng Wang , Jingdong Chen , Ming Yang

We present SceneTok, a novel tokenizer for encoding view sets of scenes into a compressed and diffusable set of unstructured tokens. Existing approaches for 3D scene representation and generation commonly use 3D data structures or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mohammad Asim , Christopher Wewer , Jan Eric Lenssen

Latent diffusion models (LDMs) enable high-fidelity synthesis by operating in learned latent spaces. However, training state-of-the-art LDMs requires complex staging: a tokenizer must be trained first, before the diffusion model can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shivam Duggal , Xingjian Bai , Zongze Wu , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Antonio Torralba , Phillip Isola , William T. Freeman

Modern visual generative models acquire rich visual knowledge through large-scale training, yet existing visual representations (such as pixels, latents, or tokens) remain external to the model and cannot directly exploit this knowledge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zongyu Guo , Jiajun He , Zhaoyang Jia , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jiahao Li , Xiao Li , Bin Li , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Yan Lu

Tokenizing images into compact visual representations is a key step in learning efficient and high-quality image generative models. We present a simple diffusion tokenizer (DiTo) that learns compact visual representations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yinbo Chen , Rohit Girdhar , Xiaolong Wang , Sai Saketh Rambhatla , Ishan Misra

Human visual recognition system shows astonishing capability of compressing visual information into a set of tokens containing rich representations without label supervision. One critical driving principle behind it is perceptual grouping.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Zhiwei Deng , Ting Chen , Yang Li

Transformers trained on tokenized text, audio, and images can generate high-quality autoregressive samples. But handwriting data, represented as sequences of pen coordinates, remains underexplored. We introduce a novel tokenization scheme…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Sam Greydanus , Zachary Wimpee

Recent advancements in generative video codec (GVC) typically encode video into a 2D latent grid and employ high-capacity generative decoders for reconstruction. However, this paradigm still leaves two key challenges in fully exploiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zihan Zheng , Zhaoyang Jia , Naifu Xue , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Zongyu Guo , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zhenghao Chen , Houqiang Li , Yan Lu

Recent advances in multimodal models highlight the pivotal role of image tokenization in high-resolution image generation. By compressing images into compact latent representations, tokenizers enable generative models to operate in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Qihang Rao , Borui Zhang , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu