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In the age of powerful AI-generated text, automatic detectors have emerged to identify machine-written content. This poses a threat to author privacy and freedom, as text authored with AI assistance may be unfairly flagged. We propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Isaac David , Arthur Gervais

We introduce Ghostbuster, a state-of-the-art system for detecting AI-generated text. Our method works by passing documents through a series of weaker language models, running a structured search over possible combinations of their features,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vivek Verma , Eve Fleisig , Nicholas Tomlin , Dan Klein

Evading adversarial example detection defenses requires finding adversarial examples that must simultaneously (a) be misclassified by the model and (b) be detected as non-adversarial. We find that existing attacks that attempt to satisfy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Oliver Bryniarski , Nabeel Hingun , Pedro Pachuca , Vincent Wang , Nicholas Carlini

Training and fine-tuning large-scale language models largely benefit from collaborative learning, but the approach has been proven vulnerable to gradient inversion attacks (GIAs), which allow adversaries to reconstruct private training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xinguo Feng , Zhongkui Ma , Zihan Wang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Guangdong Bai

The Deep Leakage from Gradient (DLG) attack has emerged as a prevalent and highly effective method for extracting sensitive training data by inspecting exchanged gradients. This approach poses a substantial threat to the privacy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chenyang Li , Zhao Song , Weixin Wang , Chiwun Yang

Machine-generated Text (MGT) detection is crucial for regulating and attributing online texts. While the existing MGT detectors achieve strong performance, they remain vulnerable to simple perturbations and adversarial attacks. To build an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yuanfan Li , Zhaohan Zhang , Chengzhengxu Li , Chao Shen , Xiaoming Liu

AI Generated Text (AIGT) detectors are developed with texts from humans and LLMs of common tasks. Despite the diversity of plausible prompt choices, these datasets are generally constructed with a limited number of prompts. The lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Choonghyun Park , Hyuhng Joon Kim , Junyeob Kim , Youna Kim , Taeuk Kim , Hyunsoo Cho , Hwiyeol Jo , Sang-goo Lee , Kang Min Yoo

Robustness evaluation against adversarial examples has become increasingly important to unveil the trustworthiness of the prevailing deep models in natural language processing (NLP). However, in contrast to the computer vision domain where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Bairu Hou , Jinghan Jia , Yihua Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Yang Zhang , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

The increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised concerns about their misuse in AI-generated plagiarism and social engineering. While various AI-generated text detectors have been proposed to mitigate these risks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yize Cheng , Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Mehrdad Saberi , Shoumik Saha , Soheil Feizi

Gradient-based adversarial attacks on neural networks can be crafted in a variety of ways by varying either how the attack algorithm relies on the gradient, the network architecture used for crafting the attack, or both. Most recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Rehana Mahfuz , Rajeev Sahay , Aly El Gamal

Adversarial attack serves as a major challenge for neural network models in NLP, which precludes the model's deployment in safety-critical applications. A recent line of work, detection-based defense, aims to distinguish adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Lingfeng Shen , Ze Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Ying Chen

A generative AI model can generate extremely realistic-looking content, posing growing challenges to the authenticity of information. To address the challenges, watermark has been leveraged to detect AI-generated content. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Text style transfer is a challenging text generation problem, which aims at altering the style of a given sentence to a target one while keeping its content unchanged. Since there is a natural scarcity of parallel datasets, recent works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Chenghao Fan , Ziao Li , Wei wei

Recent advancements in Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic content, raising concerns about the potential for malicious use, such as misinformation and manipulation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Andrea Pedrotti , Michele Papucci , Cristiano Ciaccio , Alessio Miaschi , Giovanni Puccetti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Andrea Esuli

Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, particularly when fine-tuned on large, domain-relevant datasets. However, they remain vulnerable to backdoor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Sundar Das , Kangjie Chen , Monowar Bhuyan

The widespread adoption of ChatGPT has raised concerns about its misuse, highlighting the need for robust detection of AI-generated text. Current word-level detectors are vulnerable to paraphrasing or simple prompts (PSP), suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mo Mu , Dianqiao Lei , Chang Li

Adversarial attacks pose a severe security threat to the state-of-the-art speaker identification systems, thereby making it vital to propose countermeasures against them. Building on our previous work that used representation learning to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Sonal Joshi , Saurabh Kataria , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak

We propose a novel gradient-based attack against transformer-based language models that searches for an adversarial example in a continuous space of token probabilities. Our algorithm mitigates the gap between adversarial loss for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Piotr Gaiński , Klaudia Bałazy

In security-sensitive applications, the success of machine learning depends on a thorough vetting of their resistance to adversarial data. In one pertinent, well-motivated attack scenario, an adversary may attempt to evade a deployed system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Battista Biggio , Igino Corona , Davide Maiorca , Blaine Nelson , Nedim Srndic , Pavel Laskov , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…