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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of autonomous driving (AD) models across distributed vehicles while preserving data privacy. However, FL encounters critical challenges such as poor generalization and slow convergence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wei-Bin Kou , Guangxu Zhu , Bingyang Cheng , Chen Zhang , Yik-Chung Wu , Jianping Wang

Heterogeneity in federated learning (FL) is a critical and challenging aspect that significantly impacts model performance and convergence. In this paper, we propose a novel framework by formulating heterogeneous FL as a hierarchical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Yuyang Qiu , Kibaek Kim , Farzad Yousefian

Multiple medical institutions collaboratively training a model using federated learning (FL) has become a promising solution for maximizing the potential of data-driven models, yet the non-independent and identically distributed (non-iid)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Meirui Jiang , Zirui Wang , Qi Dou

Federated Learning aims at training a global model from multiple decentralized devices (i.e. clients) without exchanging their private local data. A key challenge is the handling of non-i.i.d. (independent identically distributed) data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Xin Dong , Sai Qian Zhang , Ang Li , H. T. Kung

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaborative model training over large-scale distributed data, enabling higher performance while maintaining client data privacy. However, the nature of model aggregation at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ali Murad , Bo Hui , Wei-Shinn Ku

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach for enhancing data privacy preservation, particularly for authentication systems. However, limited round communications, scarce representation, and scalability pose significant challenges to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Hansol Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Minyoung Jung , Jinho Shin , Youngsung Kim , Changick Kim

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Federated learning (FL) supports training models on geographically distributed devices. However, traditional FL systems adopt a centralized synchronous strategy, putting high communication pressure and model generalization challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Jing Cao , Zirui Lian , Weihong Liu , Zongwei Zhu , Cheng Ji

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed training paradigm that enables clients scattered across the world to cooperatively learn a global model without divulging confidential data. However, FL faces a significant challenge in the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Xidong Wu , Wan-Yi Lin , Devin Willmott , Filipe Condessa , Yufei Huang , Zhenzhen Li , Madan Ravi Ganesh

Deep learning (DL) has been increasingly applied in medical imaging, however, it requires large amounts of data, which raises many challenges related to data privacy, storage, and transfer. Federated learning (FL) is a training paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jan Fiszer , Dominika Ciupek , Maciej Malawski

Clustered federated learning (CFL) addresses the performance challenges posed by data heterogeneity in federated learning (FL) by organizing edge devices with similar data distributions into clusters, enabling collaborative model training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yuxin Zhang , Haoyu Chen , Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Jin Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across diverse entities while safeguarding data privacy. However, FL faces challenges such as data heterogeneity and model diversity. The Meta-Federated Learning (Meta-FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zahir Alsulaimawi

Knowledge sharing and model personalization are essential components to tackle the non-IID challenge in federated learning (FL). Most existing FL methods focus on two extremes: 1) to learn a shared model to serve all clients with non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Jie Ma , Guodong Long , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

As privacy concerns and data regulations grow, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models across decentralized data sources without sharing raw data. However, a significant challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jungwon Seo , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Chunming Rong

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine-learning approach enabling collaborative model training across multiple decentralized edge devices that hold local data samples, all without exchanging these samples. This collaborative process occurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Venkataraman Natarajan Iyer

Mobile devices, including smartphones and laptops, generate decentralized and heterogeneous data, presenting significant challenges for traditional centralized machine learning models due to substantial communication costs and privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Mayank Kumar Kundalwal , Anurag Saraswat , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra

Conventional federated learning (FL) trains one global model for a federation of clients with decentralized data, reducing the privacy risk of centralized training. However, the distribution shift across non-IID datasets, often poses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Jun Luo , Shandong Wu

Federated Learning (FL) involves training a model over a dataset distributed among clients, with the constraint that each client's dataset is localized and possibly heterogeneous. In FL, small and noisy datasets are common, highlighting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Mohsin Hasan , Guojun Zhang , Kaiyang Guo , Xi Chen , Pascal Poupart

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed model for deep learning that integrates client-server architecture, edge computing, and real-time intelligence. FL has the capability of revolutionizing machine learning (ML) but lacks in the…